丧妻9天闪电再婚 为何戳痛华人？
世界新闻网
4/24/2022
日前，网上一条消息引起美国华人社会的强烈反应，热议甚至延烧到中国。故事发生在加州湾区，妻子D女士病逝，丈夫Y先生九天后火速再婚，迎娶新妻J某进门；此后Y某又与同住在家中的前岳父母发生纠纷。两老希望获得更多的经济补偿，与前女婿发生了冲突；Y某报警驱逐，并要求两老回国。此事被D女士的友人爆料到中文网上，引起华人的口诛笔伐。
许多华人产生疑问：Y某再婚是否违法？前女婿是否有责任赡养前岳父母？Y某能否将两老赶出美国？有纽约律师表示，Y某再婚并不违法，只是与华人传统道德习俗不符；Y某没有责任赡养前岳父母，但若已故妻子有遗嘱，Y某有责任运行遗嘱；Y某可以将前岳父母赶出家门，但无权要求他们回国。
挑战道德底线 遭谴责
纽约财富传承信托规画律师冉燕飞说，中文网上讨伐「湾区再婚男」的舆论很多。但从一个律师角度来说，Y某的做法在法律上没有任何问题，「他的问题是挑战了中国的传统道德底线，所以才引起舆论一边倒的谴责」。她说，Y某在美中引起的反应这么强烈，主要有以下几个问题。
首先，妻子刚去世丈夫就再婚有些「不近人情」。她说，Y某与妻子结缡20多年，并生了两个孩子。妻子刚病故，他立即上网交友，并在九天内再婚，这种行为与中国的传统道德相悖。
她的客户中也有这种情况。有位男客户的妻子2020年7月去世，客户在第二个月就给律师打电话，请她帮助办理结婚手续。她认为这与男性本身情况有关，许多男人的独立生活能力比较差，一般需要女人照顾。「不过，因为客户处理好女方的事情，就没有这些负面的舆论。」
其次，Y某对两个正处于青春期孩子的成长问题考虑不周。她说，一般来说，孩子与妈妈比较亲近，妈妈去世对孩子打击最大。孩子刚刚送走妈妈，又要面对新妈妈，对孩子的心理承受能力是一个挑战。如果新妈妈与孩子相处比较好，孩子还可以健康成长。「如果相处不好，会对孩子的身心健康造成一生的负面影响。」
对待岳父母 斤斤计较？
最后，Y某对待亡妻父母几近吝啬让网友更为不满。据爆料，Y某在高科技公司任资深工程师，收入非常可观。而D女士生前在另一家高科技公司工作，工资很高，发生意外之后的福利也很丰厚。他们住在几百万的房子里，经济条件看起来很不错；但是，女婿却对岳父母极其抠门。
她说，根据爆料，从2006年开始，D女士的父母每半年来美国一次，帮助女儿带孩子，并倒贴美中之间的旅行费，「对岳父母的付出，女婿应该感激，而不是与两老斤斤计较。」而网上流出Y某为自己申辩的帖子，详细枚举了他给岳父母购买有机牛奶和鸡蛋、托朋友购买打折的iPad等等，「他不写还好，写了反而证实了自己的吝啬。」
冉燕飞说，虽然他们的房产有死者的一半，但是D女士已经去世，按照透露出来的资讯，D女士遗产做了信托，受益人是孩子和先生，跟其父母没有关系。在美国多数州，子女本来就没有赡养父母的义务，更不要说赡养岳父母。由于岳父母与女婿一家住在一起，难免发生冲突；即便没有冲突，女婿也有权不让前岳父母继续居住。「如果岳父母不离开，女婿有权将岳父母赶出家门。」
她说，岳父母住在女婿家中，并无租赁关系，如果岳父母交了房租，属于租客，屋主就不能随便赶人。他们应该不是租客。她说，女婿作为房主，赶出岳父母有许多理由，如不喜欢岳父母住在自己家里，要保护自己的孩子免受伤害等，甚至无需理由。
赡养义务 法律未强制
纽约刘瑛与凯萨律师楼律师凯萨（Carolyn Shields）说，许多华人指责Y某，是因为他没有赡养D某的父母。她说，如果有人问前女婿是否有责任赡养前岳父母，她的回答是「不」，即使已故妻子可能在遗嘱中要求他这样做，或者遗嘱中的条款将财产留给他、条件是Y某支持D女士的父母，「如果D女士有遗嘱给父母留下一些东西，且丈夫是遗产的运行人，他可能有一些作为运行人的义务。」
也有华人最关注的问题就是Y某是否有权要求前岳父母合法离家，这位哈佛大学前法学教授的回答是「可能」。还有人问：前岳父母是否有权从Y某的家族信托中获得一些钱？她说，基于媒体提供的有限事实无法判断。
她表示，这里还有一些人们不知道的重要附加事实可能会影响对这个问题的回答。例如，他们处于什么状态；是否有遗嘱；D某是否有明确说明，如果她的父母若来照顾病重中的她，她离开后会将房子财产给他们（经常发生）等等。此外，谁是人寿保险单的受益人？丈夫还是已故妻子的遗产？这些目前都不清楚。
纽约华人律师邱慧英从事遗产规画法律事务已经25年了。她表示，当她看到标题为「妻子死后很快再婚，并将岳父母赶出家门」的网文时，就知道文章的大概内容了；她后来查看了内容，知道了事情的前因后果。
配偶去世再婚 男高于女
来自台湾的她说，她见过有些人在配偶过世后，获得了大笔财产，突然间有了时间和财务自由。于是，他们与许多异性交往，换了一个又一个异性朋友，开心地挥霍「前夫或前妻的财产」，仿佛真是如人们常说的，「死者在棺材里都要气得翻身了」。她也坦承，从业这么多年，她见到过许多夫妻分分合合的故事，也有人离婚后迅速结婚，但是没有见过Y某这么快再婚的。
美国人口统计局网站（www.census.gov）统计显示，大多数男性和女性在离婚后会在五年内结婚。一般来说，男性在五年内再婚的比率「高于女性」，不过，离婚后五年内再婚的比率自1950年以来有所下降。统计数据显示，与女性相比，男性在配偶去世或离婚后更容易再婚。丕优研究中心（Pew Research）2014年的一项研究表明，三分之二的丧偶或离婚男性会再婚，而女性只有一半。
邱慧英说，许多美国华人买房子时，都是写上「夫妻共同拥有」。如果其中一人去世，房产就归在世的一人所有。一方死亡后，另一方可以凭着死亡证书去银行、房屋注册机构等，将死者除名。这样，这些财产的所有者只有在世的那个人。如果再婚，可以把新人的姓名加进来。如果丈夫先去世，那些房子就完全属于新太太，前妻的儿女继承不到什么。
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孝道法 多处于休眠状态
维基百科网站介绍，美国的孝道责任法（filial responsibility law）通常规定成年子女有义务赡养贫困的父母。在某些情况下，该义务延伸到其他亲属。此类法律可能由政府或私人实体运行。虽然大多数孝道法律都考虑民事执法，但有些法律包括对成年子女或近亲在家庭成员经受困难时未能提供帮助的刑事处罚。截至 2019年，26个州和波多黎各仍然有这样的法律。
孝道责任法是1601年英国伊丽莎白时代济贫法的产物。过去，美国多达45个州制定了该法规，规定成年子女有义务照顾他们的父母。但是，在医疗补助（Medicaid，俗称白卡）设立后，一些州废除了孝道支持法，而有些州虽然没有取消，但该法律在书籍上仍然处于「休眠状态」。有人为了让子女卸责，就把资产送给子女，然后自己申请政府的白卡。于是，联邦法律规定，任何申请白卡的人，都要检查他们过去五年的财务纪录，以确保该人不是为了获得白卡而放弃资产。
一些州则法律规定成年子女（或其他家庭成员）有义务为其贫困的父母、亲戚支付食物、衣服、住所和医疗需求。如果孩子不能提供足够的服务，法律允许疗养院和政府机构提起法律诉讼，以收回照顾父母的费用。在某些州，如果成年子女不提供支持，甚至会入狱。
这些州包括阿拉斯加、阿肯色、加州、康州、德拉瓦、乔治亚、印第安纳、肯塔基、路易斯安纳、麻州、密西西比、内华达、新泽西、北卡、北达科他、俄亥俄、俄勒冈、宾州、波多黎各、罗德岛、南达科他、田纳西、犹他、佛蒙特、维吉尼亚、西维吉尼亚。爱阿华在2015年废除了孝道责任法，但2019年仍被列入名单中。
Healthcare Certification and ESL Programs
父母晚年 应作妥善安排
富比世（Forbes）杂志曾经报导过一个「母债子还」的案例。2012年，宾州居民皮塔斯（John Pittas）的母亲在一次车祸后受伤，并在宾州一家专业护理机构接受了护理，然后搬去了希腊，留下9万3000元的帐单。这个妈妈申请了医疗补助，但未获得批准。于是，疗养院起诉了她的儿子。
宾州有「孝道责任法」。不过，这些法律很少运行。疗养院决定起诉皮塔斯，而不是让白卡计划支付。初审法院裁定儿子必须支付母亲的费用。皮塔斯提出上诉。上诉法院不仅同意疗养院不必等到白卡解决，而且支持疗养院可以选择它想要的任何家庭成员支付。
冉燕飞说，她的业务主要就是做财富传承规画，帮助客人做信托、遗嘱。执业过程中，她也见到一些类似「湾区再婚男」的案子。这些案子不是人死后出现预料不到的变化，而是把资产转移给孩子后，孩子却提前去世，导致自己流离失所。
例如，一位单身母亲为了获得白卡，在2019年把自己唯一的公寓转到女儿名下。不幸的是，她的女儿在2020年4月感染新冠病毒后去世。不到一个月，女婿要赶她出门。这个单身母亲给她打电话，哭诉女婿将自己赶出家门。「她想不通，这套房产是自己送给女儿的，女儿死后怎么就归了女婿。」
她说，法律就是如此。「这个母亲痛哭，我也没有办法，只有跟着哭。」 她说，纽约州的法律规定，若是已婚夫妻，一方去世，如果只有配偶，财产就全部归活着的配偶。女婿直接告诉岳母：「妳的女儿没有立遗嘱，房子是她的，她走了，房子就是我的。我当然可以让妳出去。」
房产出手 老人沦落街头
类似的情况还有很多。例如，一位99岁的老人与妻子拥有一套公寓。他们为了拿到白卡，就决定把这套房产送给女儿。实际上，他们有一儿一女。他们的女儿也把弟弟的名字加在房产上。2019年，他的妻子和女儿相继去世，同时儿子成为植物人。她说，老人的妻子和女儿刚去世，儿子躺在病床上，女婿和儿媳要把老人赶出家门。
她说，这名老人也想不明白，这本来是自己和妻子的房子，自己都快百岁了，能去哪儿呢？老人给律师打电话表示，「我哪都不去，死也要死在自己的房子里」。但老人的儿媳和女婿坚持说「这套房子是他们俩的」。现在，老人、女婿、儿媳三人争夺这个房产。
从法律上讲，老人把房产转给女儿后，就与这套房子没有关系了。后来，教会出面调解，让老人继续住在房子里，直至去世。她估计，老人去世后，女婿和儿媳还有一次争夺战。她说，「在平时，都是你好我好大家好」。但是，如果涉及到利益，就会原形毕露。「因此，大家不要考验人性。」
拿白卡去世后房产会被政府收走？专家教这招可避免
世界新闻网
01/26/2022
安乐居长久以来一直致力于为长者提供各种相关福利及资讯。日前特别邀请旧金山残障人士及长者服务部申请部门主任杨锦全讲解，华人长者如何通过设立信托，以防过世后，房产沦入政府之手。
杨锦全表示，州政府会向往生白卡用户的遗产受益人，追讨回生前住的某些医疗服务费用。但华人长者可以通过设立信托、让财产不进入认证程序，避免房屋被没收或索赔。
杨锦全说，他所在的部门，提供一站式服务，长者需要申请白卡、粮食券或家居护理的，都可帮忙。申请白卡要看收入和财产，个人月收入不能超过1468元，夫妇月收入不能超过1983元。申请白卡财产的规定是，个人不超过2000元，夫妇不能超过3000元。白卡福利允许用户可以拥有一栋自住房子（无论几层）和一辆车。
如果长者的退休户口内有资金的，计算申请白卡的财产总额时，有细致的规定。例如，一对夫妇，先生要申请白卡，但太太退休户口有数万元，这不计入财产总额的。若先生自己的退休户口，每月取一笔钱出来，要计入收入，但户口剩余资金，不计入资产。
加州还有配偶贫困条款（spousal impoverishment protections），如果配偶符合相关条件，证明需要连续30天的专业疗养院或护理员医疗水准，申请白卡时的收入资格限制，可以增加到每月不超过3260元，个人资产限制可以达到13万3800元。
由于部分经费来自联邦政府医疗补助计划，联邦政府要求州政府向往生的白卡用户的遗产受益人，追讨回生前的某些医疗服务费用。加州规定的范围是，追讨限于在55岁或以上入住疗养院和使用居家及社区为主服务的民众。55岁以下的受益人，如他们是在一家疗养设施、中级护理设施或其他医疗设施「永久住院」者，以及在给予听证通知和机会后决定他们是无法合理预期会出院及回家者。
州政府只能追讨通过遗产认证法庭（Probate Court）确认的遗产。如果白卡用户的财产没有达到确认、认证的阶段，就不用索赔。比如说，老人可以做个简单的信托，写明万一发生意外，财产如何分配，这意味着，房产分配后不会到达认证阶段，也就不会被索赔。
另外，申请粮食券的条件为，个人月收入不能超过2128元，夫妇月收入不能超过2874元。而60岁以上长者或残障人士申请的条件为，扣除租金或房贷之后的净收入。如长者每月社安金为2000元，但月租要付1000元，其净收入为1000元，即符合申请条件。粮食券个人最高每月可获234元，夫妇最高430元。如果用粮食券去加州某些农夫市场购物，有一定的优惠，1元可以当做1.3甚至2元购物。
需要知道有关长者更多资讯，可致电（866）526-9622，或者上网站onlok.org/PACE查找。
美国人平均年薪多少？华顿商学院教授：学生普遍高估
世界新闻网
01/21/2022
一般美国人平均年薪大概有多少？宾州大学华顿商学院(Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania)法律研究暨商业道德教授妮娜‧史托明格尔(Nina Strohminger)指出，拿这个问题询问学生，结果有25%说美国人平均年薪应有超过六位数价码，一名学生甚至回答「80万元」，但实际数字为4万5000元左右。对于学生的理解与真实状况出现落差，她在推特发文写道：「真不知道该如何看待。」
史托明格尔19日在推特发文写道，华顿商学院学生对于一般美国民众年薪多少普遍高估，获得网友热烈回荡，成为推特热门话题。史托明格尔推文获得留言超过9600则，21万余网友按赞。哈佛大学(Harvard University)经济教授史蒂芬妮‧斯坦契瓦(Stefanie Stantcheva)便回应表示：「低收入民众觉得别人全是低收入，富人认为其他人也都很有钱。」
柏克莱加大(University of California-Berkeley)劳工研究与教育中心(Center for Labor Research and Education)主任贾克布斯(Ken Jacobs)接受华盛顿邮报专访时说，估算一般民众财务状况时，许多人通常以接近自身经验的角度思考，而不是基于现实。
贾克布斯：「年薪20万或10万元被视为普通薪资，这个想法满奇怪的，因为如此数字高估满多。」
华盛顿邮报报导，华顿商学院每学年学费约8万元，而学校座落的费城西部地区，当地居民平均年收入约3万4000元。
根据社会安全局(Social Security Administration，SSA)统计，去年美国民众平均年薪为5万3383元，年薪中位数则为3万4612元。
劳工部统计显示，2021年第四季美国劳工周薪中位数为1010元，换算大约等同年薪5万2520元。
华盛顿邮报分析，中产阶级(middle-class)在美国应该如何定义，近年来受到舆论热议，绝大多数民众自认属于中产阶级，但许多民众却说不出中产阶级的如何界定。
华盛顿邮报2017年报导指出，中产阶级家庭年收入为3万5000元至12万2500元之间。报导中写道，年薪10万元仍被列入中产阶级，但已经属于非常极端，「75%美国家庭年收入低于这个水平」。
「公职免学贷」计划修改 7万人受惠、减免近50亿元
世界新闻网
01/20/2022
免除部分美国人背负的高额学生贷款是拜登总统的主要政策之一；教育部20日宣布，「公职服务学贷减免」计划(Public Service Forgiveness Loan)修改后，约7万人的近50亿元学贷可望免除，最终将有55万人受益。
公职服务学贷减免计划是2007年提出，宗旨是吸引学生担任教师、警察、消防员、军人等公共服务工作，只要工作期间定期偿还，学贷十年后即可免除；但计划自运行以来，几乎没有任何人的学贷被联邦政府豁免。
教育部去年10月修改了免除学贷的标准，当时全国130万人试图通过这一计划豁免学贷；教育部表示，标准修改后，初期即有2万2000人可立即免掉学贷，2万7000人只要证明从事符合要求的工作也可免除，预计7万人将有资格免掉近50亿元的学贷。
教育部副部长卡瓦尔(James Kvaal)表示：「在公共部门供职十年的人，包括教师、护士、急救人员和军人等许多公职人员，都能得到我们的支持和依赖公职服务学贷减免计划，尤其是在疫情时期。如今拜登政府履职一年，对他们的支持将继续。」
拜登总统面临要求他利用行政权豁免4300万人联邦学贷的强烈呼声，他竞选时承诺每人豁免1万元学贷，如今却表示学贷豁免权属于国会；拜登19日在执政周年的记者会上被问到如何取消学贷时没有回答，但拜登政府将疫情期间暂停偿还学贷的期限延至5月1日。
学贷豁免计划是鼓励大学毕业生不受私营部门的高薪诱惑，而到公共部门就职，作为交换条件，联邦政府十年后将免除他们的学贷。
学贷减免计划貌似简单但运行复杂，对豁免资格的要求严格，多数人因为借贷的种类不符合规定而不能参加；许多人是10年后申请豁免时才发现不符资格，但又没有其他选择，只好重新制定偿还计划。
拜登上任以来，教育部已豁免67万5000人约150亿元的学贷，均为通过扩大运行各项债务豁免计划；教育部修改的「公职服务贷款减免」计划，是扩大运行学贷豁免计划的一部分。
You Might Finally Qualify for Student Loan Forgiveness
New Public Service Loan Forgiveness rules mean hundreds of thousands of borrowers could have their loans forgiven faster than expected.
By Mike Winters
10/07/2021
For years, the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program has struggled to actually forgive student loan debt. But yesterday, the Biden administration announced changes that will immediately erase student loan debt for roughly 22,000 borrowers—and will help hundreds of thousands more reach loan forgiveness sooner than expected. Here’s how the changes might affect your student loans.
Eased requirements for the PSLF program
In 2007, Congress created the federal student loan forgiveness program to encourage people to work in federal and local governments, public schools, and the military. In exchange for about 10 years of full-time service (or 120 student loan payments), the program forgives the remaining balance on federal loans—or at least, that’s how it’s supposed to work. However, according to a 2019 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report, this happens rarely, as it found only 1% of applicants were deemed eligible for student loan forgiveness.
Part of the problem is that the program has only been available to borrowers who have Direct Loans, a specific type of student loan managed by the federal government. One option has been to consolidate existing student loans into a Direct Loan, but that just set back borrowers even further, as previous payments for other loans don’t count towards the 120 payments needed to forgive the outstanding balance.
To that end, the Education Department is now offering a limited waiver that “allows all payments by student borrowers to count toward PSLF, regardless of loan program or payment plan.” All borrowers who currently have FFEL, Perkins, or other non-Direct Loans, can get this benefit of this limited waiver if they apply to consolidate into the Direct Loan program and submit a PSLF form by Oct. 31, 2022. Additionally, members of the military will be able to count deferment and forbearance while on active duty toward the loan forgiveness. The Education Department estimates this will help 550,000 student loan borrowers reach loan forgiveness sooner than expected.
How to apply for the PSLF waiver
The Education Department says it will be contacting borrowers and encouraging them to consolidate their loans or apply for the program by Oct. 31, 2022. To apply for the waiver, start by visiting StudentAid.gov/PSLFWaiver.
SNAP benefits increasing statewide
By Johan Sheridan
10/01/2021
ALBANY, N.Y. (NEWS10) — New Yorkers in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) will reportedly see an increase of about $36 per family member starting next month.
According to the office of Gov. Kathy Hochul, all New Yorkers receiving SNAP benefits will get more money because of a federal cost adjustment. The new regular monthly amount attempts to better provide low-income individuals and families access to healthy foods.
“Now more than ever, New Yorkers are seeing their money for food stretched thinner and thinner, which in turn forces them into making food choices that are cheaper, but far less nutritious,” Hochul said in a statement. “This long-overdue increase in benefits will give households across New York State the purchasing power to buy nutritious foods, which in turn will ultimately result in healthier outcomes.”
In New York, the maximum benefit for a family of four will grow from $680 to $835. Nearly 3 million households throughout the state were in SNAP in July.
Hochul’s office says the boost in benefits brings in over $1.4 billion in federal funding to the state. According to federal estimates, every dollar of SNAP benefits spent results in about $1.59 in economic activity.
Last year, the USDA reevaluated the plan used to calculate SNAP benefits, resulting in the first cost adjustment in more than 45 years. The new plan also altered how eligibility is determined and the level of benefits received. The shift is meant to reflect changing dynamics in food sales and shoppers’ priorities over five decades.
The USDA evaluated current food prices, typically American diets, and nutritional value. The agency concluded that the cost of healthy, practical, and affordable food is 21% higher than SNAP benefits offered. Hochul’s office points out that studies consistently show that food benefit levels are too low to provide for a realistic, healthy diet, even with households adding funds to the pot.
USDA is permanently boosting food stamp benefits
By ASHRAF KHALIL and JOSH BOAK,
Associated Press
WASHINGTON — President Joe Biden’s administration has approved a significant and permanent increase in the levels of food aid available to needy families — the largest single increase in the program’s history.
Starting in October, average benefits for food stamps — officially known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP — will rise more than 25 percent above pre-pandemic levels. The increased assistance will be available indefinitely to all 42 million SNAP beneficiaries.
The increase coincides with the end of a 15 percent boost in SNAP benefits that was ordered as a pandemic protection measure. That benefit expires at the end of September.
Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said that with the change, the U.S. “will do a better job of providing healthy food for low-income families.”
The aid boost is being packaged a major revision to the USDA’s Thrifty Food Plan, which estimates the cost to purchase groceries for a family of four and guides the way the government calculates benefits. In practical terms, the average monthly per-person benefits for qualified recipients will rise from $121 to $157.
The increase is projected to cost an additional $20 billion per year, but it won’t have to be approved by Congress. A farm law passed in 2018 by the then-GOP led Congress and signed by former President Donald Trump already directed the department to reassess the Thrifty Food Plan.
“Whether you’re a Republican or a Democrat, I think there’s a shared understanding of the importance of this program,” Vilsack said in a conference call with reporters.
The increase is part of a multi-pronged Biden administration effort to strengthen the country’s social safety net. Poverty and food security activists maintain that longstanding inadequacies were laid bare by the COVID-19 pandemic, presenting an opportunity to make generational improvements that reach beyond the current public health crisis.
Activists say the previous levels of pre-pandemic SNAP assistance simply weren’t enough, forcing many households to choose cheaper, less nutritious options or simply go hungry as the funds ran low toward the end of the month.
Vilsack said the increased funding will allow families to “be able to make healthy choices” all month long.
The changes are not directly connected to the COVID-19 pandemic, but Vilsack said the crisis helped underscore the importance of the food assistance program.
“A lot of people who thought they’d never take part in the SNAP program found themselves in need,” he said. “The pandemic sort of shocked people out of the belief that this was a program for someone else.”
Federal Communications Commission
Emergency Broadband Benefit
The Emergency Broadband Benefit is an FCC program to help families and households struggling to afford internet service during the COVID-19 pandemic. This new benefit will connect eligible households to jobs, critical healthcare services, virtual classrooms, and so much more.
About the Emergency Broadband Benefit
The Emergency Broadband Benefit will provide a discount of up to $50 per month towards broadband service for eligible households and up to $75 per month for households on qualifying Tribal lands. Eligible households can also receive a one-time discount of up to $100 to purchase a laptop, desktop computer, or tablet from participating providers if they contribute more than $10 and less than $50 toward the purchase price.
The Emergency Broadband Benefit is limited to one monthly service discount and one device discount per household.
Who Is Eligible for the Emergency Broadband Benefit Program?
A household is eligible if a member of the household meets one of the criteria below:
- Has an income that is at or below 135% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines or participates in certain assistance programs, such as SNAP, Medicaid, or Lifeline;
- Approved to receive benefits under the free and reduced-price school lunch program or the school breakfast program, including through the USDA Community Eligibility Provision in the 2019-2020 or 2020-2021 school year;
- Received a Federal Pell Grant during the current award year;
- Experienced a substantial loss of income due to job loss or furlough since February 29, 2020 and the household had a total income in 2020 at or below $99,000 for single filers and $198,000 for joint filers; or
- Meets the eligibility criteria for a participating provider’s existing low-income or COVID-19 program.
How to Apply
The online application for the Emergency Broadband Benefit Program is experiencing high demand. We appreciate your patience as we actively work to resolve any connectivity issues users may encounter.
Apply Now
There are three ways for eligible households to apply:
- Contact your preferred participating broadband provider directly to learn about their application process.
- Go to GetEmergencyBroadband.org to apply online and to find participating providers near you.
- Call 833-511-0311 for a mail-in application, and return it along with copies of documents showing proof of eligibility to:
Emergency Broadband Support Center
P.O. Box 7081
London, KY 40742
After receiving an eligibility determination, households can contact their preferred service provider to select an Emergency Broadband Benefit eligible service plan.
Get More Consumer Information
Check out the Broadband Benefit Consumer FAQ for more information about the benefit.
Which Broadband Providers Are Participating in the Emergency Broadband Benefit?
Various broadband providers, including those offering landline and wireless broadband, are participating in the Emergency Broadband Benefit. Find broadband service providers offering the Emergency Broadband Benefit in your state or territory.
Broadband providers can find more information about how to participate here.
Source: https://www.fcc.gov/broadbandbenefit
Evictions During COVID-19: Landlords’ Rights and Options When Tenants Can’t Pay Rent
Tips, resources, and advice for landlords whose tenants aren’t able to pay the rent due to the coronavirus outbreak.
By Ann O’Connell, Attorney
11/01/2020
Many renters are facing financial challenges resulting from coronavirus-related business shut-downs, furloughs, layoffs, and stay-at-home orders. The longer this crisis goes on, the more likely it is that many will not be able to pay their rent. When renters default on rent, landlords suffer, and might not be able to meet their own financial obligations, such as making the mortgage payments on the rental property.
Here are some suggestions about how landlords can mitigate the financial impact of tenant defaults during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Terminations and Evictions
Under normal circumstances, when tenants don’t pay rent, landlords have the option of terminating the tenancy (by serving the tenant with either a pay rent or quit notice or an unconditional quit notice, depending on the applicable laws). When tenants don’t pay the rent or move out by the deadline given in the notice, landlords can then file an eviction lawsuit to have the tenants physically removed from the rental.
However, health and safety concerns due to COVID-19 have led many states, cities, counties, and courts to place moratoriums on evictions. The scope of these temporary bans on evictions varies greatly: some have banned any and all action relating to evictions, while others simply postpone hearings on evictions until the court can arrange a hearing via telephone or video.
If you are a landlord in an area with an eviction moratorium, you might still be able to file eviction papers with the court, but your case might not be heard for a while. However, even if there are no bans in place, evicting tenants who can’t pay the rent due to the coronavirus crisis probably shouldn’t be your first recourse. Aside from optics (you don’t want to get a reputation as the ruthless landlord who booted tenants out of their home in the middle of a stay-at-home order), if you remove tenants right now, you’re going to be faced with having to disinfect the rental, advertise the rental, screen new prospective tenants (of which there might be very few), sign a new lease or rental agreement, and get the new tenants moved in—all while taking measures to abide by emergency guidelines and health and safety measures.
Consider the following options instead.
Evaluate Your Personal Financial Situation
Take a moment to evaluate your own finances. As dire as it sounds, it might be time to take stock of what could happen in a worst-case scenario. Most landlords have likely considered the situation where tenants don’t pay rent, as this can happen at any time. But there’s no denying that this is a different situation—what will happen if your tenants can’t pay for a long time, and your options for finding new (paying) tenants are slim?
Your assessment of how this worst-case scenario will affect your ability to pay your mortgage (if any) and your personal bills will inform how you respond when your tenants can’t pay their rent.
- If your financial situation looks grim: If your ability to pay the mortgage on your rental property hinges on month-to-month rental income, you should take actions to prevent your own default This includes options discussed below, such as contacting your lender and proactively seeking arrangements with tenants that allow them to make at least partial payments.
- If you have a few months’ reserves: If your personal reserves or financial position won’t feel too much of a pinch if tenants aren’t able to pay rent for a while, you still might have to make some compromises to retain good tenants. If you have tenants who have previously been reliable and are simply finding it hard to make ends meet currently, do what you can to take some pressure off them—see the discussion below about working out a temporary solution with tenants.
Try to Work Out a Temporary Solution With Tenants
Depending on how desperately you need to receive income from your rental, you have a few options for working with tenants who aren’t able to pay rent because of COVID-19. Consider the following possible arrangements.
- Forgive rent. If your situation allows for it, you could waive rent for a month, with an agreement to revisit the payment arrangement on a certain date. A landlord in Bakersfield recently did this for his tenants.
- Postpone rent. You could offer to postpone rent payments for a month, with an agreement that it will be repaid. Your repayment arrangement could state that the rent owed could be spread out over time, paid all at once, or paid when (if) a stimulus check
- Reduce rent. If you can, consider dropping the rent temporarily to a level that enables you to meet your obligations but forgoes profit for the time being. For example, if you normally collect $1200 a month, but your mortgage is $900 a month, you could temporarily drop rent to $900 to make sure you at least don’t get in trouble with your lender.
Before deciding to make any of these adjustments, try talking to your tenants. Ask them straight out what they think they can make work. If you’re able to accommodate their suggestions, chances are higher that they will do everything they can to hold up their end of the bargain. Be sure to put any agreements in writing, preferably as an addendum to your current lease or rental agreement that includes all details of the arrangement.
Look for Outside Assistance
Even if you think you can float a month or two without rental income, you still might want to consider taking some measures now to protect your position in the event that the coronavirus crisis lasts longer than your cushion can handle. If you’re already feeling the pinch, take these actions immediately.
Attend to Your Mortgage
At this point in the COVID-19 crisis, most private lenders are willing to work with borrowers to ensure that they don’t lose their homes. Call your lender directly and ask what steps it is taking to assist borrowers who can’t meet their mortgage obligations due to the coronavirus pandemic.
- If your loan is owned by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, you might be able to delay making payments for a certain period of time without incurring late fees or getting hit with a credit score penalty.
- Look into your options under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act.
- The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has put in place a foreclosure moratorium for single family homeowners with FHA-insured mortgages.
- Visit your state’s website to find out if the state is offering assistance to homeowners. For example, New York has announced a delay of mortgage payments for 90 days. Many other states are postponing any foreclosure actions indefinitely. Find your state’s website at State and Government on the Net.
Look Into Property Tax Breaks
Some states and counties are extending the deadline for paying property taxes, or cancelling late fees and interest. Check your county’s tax assessor’s website to see if this is an option where your property is located.
Seek a Loan
Consider seeking a loan from family, friends, or private lenders. The U.S. Small Business Administration might be another source of assistance—its disaster loan assistance web page has a wealth of information. You can also contact your regular bank or credit union and inquire about what assistance it can offer.
Research Options for Your Renters
Some areas are beginning to offer rent vouchers or emergency funds to renters in need. For example, the Pennsylvania Apartment Association is collecting donations for funds to give to renters who can’t pay rent. Currently, renters’ needs are getting a lot more attention in the press than landlords’ needs, and there are already a lot more resources being made available for renters. It’s in your best interest to research these options and bring them to your renters’ attention—do what you can to help your tenants pay you.
Landlords are getting squeezed between tenants and lenders
By ANNE D’INNOCENZIO
NEW YORK (AP) — When it comes to sympathetic figures, landlords aren’t exactly at the top of the list. But they, too, have fallen on hard times, demonstrating how the coronavirus outbreak spares almost no one.
Take Shad Elia, who owns 24 single-family apartment units in the Boston area. He says government stimulus benefits allowed his hard-hit tenants to continue to pay the rent. But now that the aid has expired, with Congress unlikely to pass a new package before Election Day, they are falling behind.
Heading into a New England winter, Elia is worried about such expenses as heat and snowplowing in addition to the regular year-round costs, like fixing appliances and leaky faucets.
Elia wonders how much longer his lenders will cut him slack.
“We still have a mortgage. We still have expenses on these properties,” he said. “But there comes a point where we will exhaust whatever reserves we have. At some point, we will fall behind on our payments. They can’t expect landlords to provide subsidized housing.”
The stakes are particularly high for small landlords, whether they own commercial properties, such as storefronts, or residential properties such as apartments. Many are borrowing money from relatives or dipping into their personal savings to meet their mortgage payments.
The big residential and commercial landlords have more options. For instance, the nation’s biggest mall owner, Simon Property Group, is in talks to buy J.C. Penney, a move that would prevent the department store chain from going under and causing Simon to lose one of its biggest tenants. At the same time, Simon is suing the Gap for $107 million in back rent.
Michael Hamilton, a Los Angeles-based real estate partner at the law firm O’Melveny & Myers, said he expects to see more retail and other commercial landlords going to court to collect back rent as they get squeezed between lenders and tenants.
Residential landlords are also fighting back against a Trump administration eviction moratorium that protects certain tenants through the end of 2020. At least 26 lawsuits have been filed by property owners around the country in places such as Tennessee, Georgia and Ohio, many of them claiming the moratorium unfairly strains landlords’ finances and violates their rights.
Apartment dwellers and other residential tenants in the U.S. owe roughly $25 billion in back rent, and that will reach nearly $70 billion by year’s end, according to an estimate in August by Moody’s Analytics.
An estimated 30 million to 40 million people in the U.S. could be at risk of eviction in the next several months, according to an August report by the Aspen Institute, a nonprofit organization.
Jessica Elizabeth Michelle, 37, a single mother with a 7-month-old baby, represents a growing number of renters who are afraid of being homeless once the moratorium on evictions ends.
The San Francisco resident saw her income of $6,000 a month as an event planner evaporate when COVID-19 hit. Supplemental aid from the federal government and the city helped her pay her monthly rent of $2,400 through September. But all that has dried up, except for the unemployment checks that total less than $2,000 a month.
For her October rent, she handed $1,000 to her landlord. She said her landlord has been supportive but has made it clear he has bills to pay, too.
“I never had an issue of paying rent up until now. I cry all night long. It’s terrifying,” Michelle said. “I don’t know what to do. My career was ripped out from under me. It’s gotten to the point of where it’s like, ‘Am I going to be homeless?’ I have no idea.’”
Some landlords are trying to work with their commercial or residential tenants, giving them a break on the rent or more flexible lease terms. But the crisis is costing them.
Analytics firm Trepp, which tracks a type of real estate loan taken out by owners of commercial properties such as offices, apartments, hotels and shopping centers, found that hotels have a nearly 23% rate of delinquency, or 30 days overdue, on their loans, while the retail industry has a 14.9% delinquency rate as of August.
The apartment rental market has so far navigated the crisis well, with a delinquency rate of 3%, according to Trepp. That’s in part because of the eviction moratorium, along with extra unemployment benefits from Washington that have since expired.
“There are bad actors, but the majority of landlords are struggling and are trying to work with a bad situation,” said Andreanecia M. Morris, executive director of HousingNOLA, a public-private partnership that pushes for more affordable housing in the New Orleans area.
Morris, who works with both landlords and tenants, said that government money wasn’t adequate to help tenants pay their rent, particularly in expensive cities. She is calling for comprehensive rental assistance.
She fears that residential landlords will see their properties foreclosed on next year, and the holdings will be bought by big corporations, which are not as invested in the neighborhoods.
Gary Zaremba, who owns and and manages 350 apartment units spread out over 100 buildings in Dayton, Ohio, said he has been working with struggling tenants — many of them hourly workers in restaurants and stores — and directs them to social service agencies for additional help.
But he is nervous about what’s next, especially with winter approaching and the prospect of restaurants shutting down and putting his tenants out of work. He has a small mortgage on the buildings he owns but still has to pay property taxes and fix things like broken windows or leaky plumbing.
“As a landlord, I have to navigate a global pandemic on my own,” Zaremba said, “and it’s confusing.”
