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满足你的中国胃
英国政府搞了个研究 建议禁止活蒸螃蟹与龙虾
文章来源: BBC中文
11/24/2021
Jun 19, 2019
根据英国政府委托进行的一项调查，章鱼、螃蟹和龙虾能够感到痛苦和折磨，当局已将这些生物添加至受到新动物福利法保护的“有情”生命名单之中。 由伦敦经济学院专家所撰写的这份报告，指龙虾和螃蟹不应该被活活烹煮，并列出了运输、击晕和屠宰十足目和头足纲动物的最佳做法。
Boiling of live lobsters could be banned in UK under proposed legislation
Government-commissioned report finds crustaceans have feelings
11/24/2021
Boiling lobsters alive could be banned if ministers act on a government-commissioned report that has found crustaceans have feelings.
The study, conducted by experts from the London School of Economics (LSE) concluded there was “strong scientific evidence decapod crustaceans and cephalopod molluscs are sentient”.
The finding follows a row over the animal welfare (sentience) bill, which recognises all vertebrates – animals with spines – as sentient beings. The Conservative Animal Welfare Foundation presented its own report to the government, arguing that crustaceans and molluscs also have feelings.
This led ministers to commission an independent review of the evidence. After analysing the extensive research submissions over several months, the peer-reviewed LSE report has concluded that there is strong scientific evidence of sentience in decapod crustaceans and cephalopod molluscs, and recommends that they should be included in animal protection legislation.
If they were to be included, the proposed legislation in the bill could protect them from being subjected to painful deaths.
Research shows that decapod crustaceans have opioid receptors and respond to opioid painkillers in a similar way to vertebrates, strongly indicating that they feel pain. Their reaction to bodily assaults, such as trying to escape from boiling water, is further evidence of their capacity to suffer. There is a large body of research showing that cephalopods have complex brains and nervous systems, and are able to learn and avoid unpleasant experiences such as electric shocks, to solve problems and use tools.
Several other countries afford these species protection in animal welfare legislation, including Norway, New Zealand, Austria and parts of Italy and Germany.
Zac Goldsmith, the animal welfare minister, said: “The UK has always led the way on animal welfare and our action plan for animal welfare goes even further by setting out our plans to bring in some of the strongest protections in the world for pets, livestock and wild animals.
“The animal welfare sentience bill provides a crucial assurance that animal wellbeing is rightly considered when developing new laws. The science is now clear that crustaceans and molluscs can feel pain and therefore it is only right they are covered by this vital piece of legislation.”
Campaigners have welcomed the move. Claire Bass, the executive director of Humane Society International/UK said: “Recognition in law that animals like lobsters and octopus are sentient is a very welcome affirmation that this bill is underpinned by science.
“It’s critical that animal sentience is not determined subjectively on the basis of political, economic, or cultural preference or convenience, but that it is determined on facts, and the LSE report leaves no room for doubt on that front.
“This is an important first step to establishing more respectful treatment of these amazing animals. Knowing their capacity to suffer we cannot now turn a legislative blind eye to some of the appalling things that are done to them, such as dismembering or boiling them alive. We look forward to working with government, industry, and scientists to agree and implement humane solutions.”
Juliette Booker of Crustacean Compassion said: “We are very pleased that LSE agree animals like crabs and lobsters can experience pain, and we applaud Defra for commissioning this groundbreaking review. The government now have all the information that they need to make animal welfare history, and we urge them to take immediate steps to protect decapods and cephalopods in animal welfare legislation.”
斯里兰卡有机梦碎 完全恢复化肥农药
文 / 潘万莉
11/22/2021
（早报讯）斯里兰卡21日决定放弃寻求成为全球第一个完全有机农业国家的努力，宣布将立即解除对和其他农业投入品的进口禁令。斯里兰卡处于严重经济危机，缺乏外汇导致食品、原油和其他必需品短缺。
斯里兰卡政府上个月已取消对茶叶的化肥进口限制，茶叶是该国的主要出口收入来源。不过，在农民团体计划于首都科伦坡发起抗议活动之前，斯里兰卡农业部表示将结束对包括除草剂和杀虫剂在内，所有农用化学品的更广泛禁令。
Nov 10, 2021
Sri Lanka’s decision to ban imports of chemical fertilizers has led to protests by farmers. The ban was introduced in May for environmental reasons, but it has plunged the sector into crisis.
斯里兰卡农业部长贾亚辛哈告诉民营第一新闻电视网：“我们现在将让紧急需要的化学物质投入进口。考量到确保粮食安全的需要，我们做出这项决定。”
在此之前，斯里兰卡政府于今年5月份首次实施禁止农药和化肥进口后，大片农田遭到荒废。过去一周，斯里兰卡经济危机导致各项物资短缺恶化，白米、蔬菜和其他市场主食的价格飙涨。斯里兰卡超市也对白米销售实施配给，每名顾客只允许购买五公斤白米。
Sri Lanka ends farm chemical ban as organic drive fails
11/22/2021
Sri Lanka abandoned its quest to become the world’s first completely organic farming nation on Sunday, announcing it would immediately lift an import ban on pesticides and other agricultural inputs.
The island country has been in the grips of a severe economic crisis, with a lack of foreign exchange triggering shortages of food, crude oil and other essential goods.
Authorities had already walked back restrictions on fertiliser imports last month for tea, the country’s main export earner.
But ahead of planned farmer protests in the capital, Sri Lanka’s agricultural ministry said it would end a broader ban on all agrochemicals including herbicides and pesticides.
“We will now allow chemical inputs that are urgently needed,” ministry secretary Udith Jayasinghe told the private News First TV network.
“Considering the need to ensure food security, we have taken this decision.”
Vast tracts of farmland were abandoned after the import ban, first introduced in May.
Oct 28, 2021
Farmers in Sri Lanka are protesting against a lack of fertiliser as the cultivation season gets under way.
The shortage follows a government decision to ban all agrochemicals.
The move is part of a clampdown on what it calls non-essential imports during a foreign currency crisis.
President Gotabaya Rajapaksa announced the plan in May, saying he wanted to make farming 100 percent organic.
Shortages have worsened in the past week, with prices for rice, vegetables and other market staples having doubled across Sri Lanka.
Supermarkets have also rationed rice sales, allowing only five kilograms (11 pounds) per customer.
Farmers’ organisations had planned to march on the national parliament in Colombo on Friday to demand the import of essential chemicals to protect their crops.
President Gotabaya Rajapaksa had justified the import ban by saying he wanted to make Sri Lankan farming 100 percent organic.
The policy was introduced after a massive hit to the cash-strapped island’s economy in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, with tourism earnings and foreign worker remittances drastically falling.
Authorities attempted to save foreign exchange by last year banning a host of imported goods, including some food and spices.
Sri Lanka also shut its only oil refinery last month after running out of dollars to import crude.
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全球30%粮食被浪费 中美居首
9/22/2021
国际组织和研究机构的数字显示，全球每年供人类食用的粮食有大约三分之一被白白浪费或损失，中国和美国是全球粮食浪费最多的两个国家。粮食安全专家和学者说，中美必须承担减少全球粮食浪费的重大义务，在这方面合作对加强全球粮食安全具有重要现实意义。
据美国之音报道，联合国“粮农组织”（FAO）的数字显示，全世界每年估计有三分之一用于人类消费的粮食被损失或者浪费。
斯德哥尔摩国际水研究所（Stockholm International Water Institute）教授兼高级科学顾问伦德奎斯特（Jan Lundqvist）说，尽管农民生产所有的这些粮食已经得到了报酬，但是粮食损失和浪费将会导致大量的水、大片土地和其它资源被“徒劳”地使用。据估计，食品行业约占温室气体排放总量的30%；即大约十分之一的温室气体排放可能与食物的损失和浪费有关。ADVERTISING
多名国际学者2021年7月15日发表在科学杂志《自然》（Nature）上的研究报告说，中国每年生产的粮食有接近30%被白白浪费掉了；其中人们外出在餐馆就餐时造成的浪费占了相当一部分，但是更多的浪费发生在粮食的储存和加工环节中。
联合国专门机构“国际农业发展基金”（IFAD）驻中国代表马泰奥（Matteo Marchisio）在接受美国之音采访时，援引中国社会科学院一项研究的数字说，2016年，中国每年浪费1700万至1800万吨食物，这些被浪费的食物足以养活3000万至5000万人。
不过，马泰奥指出，中国已经把减少粮食损失和浪费作为其首要任务。包括数字技术在内的技术的广泛采用，正在帮助中国减少收获、收获后、储存、加工和运输各个环节的食物损失。
接受美国之音采访的多位粮食安全和政策专家都提到了2020年由国家主席习近平发起的“光盘”行动，认为这项政治运动有助于提高民众对粮食浪费问题的认识，减少食品在消费中的浪费。
美国作为全球第一大经济体，也是粮食损失和浪费最为严重的国家之一。
美国非营利组织ReFED数据显示，美国食品系统中的粮食损失和浪费总价值相当于4080亿美元，约占美国GDP的2%，生产这些被浪费食品的温室气体排放，相当于美国温室气体排放总量的4%。
斯德哥尔摩国际水研究所高级科学顾问伦德奎斯特认为，供过于求、暴食和有问题的饮食习惯是美国所面临的主要挑战。
美中两国是全球最大的两个经济体，以及全世界最大的发达国家和发展中国家；然而，美国和中国双双成为全球粮食损失和浪费的“超级大国”。
倡导粮食安全和节约的专家均认为，中美在全球减少粮食损失和浪费的运动中，必须承担格外重大的义务。
华盛顿非盈利组织“公平农村转型”的克里斯蒂安·曼博士认为，美国和中国都没有能够解决粮食损失和浪费问题。美国政府应该为企业提供基于证据的政策激励和抑制措施，以减少自身生产链中的粮食损失和浪费；并且向消费者宣导，浪费食物对社会、环境和经济的影响。
他说：“至于中国，除了关注消费性食品浪费外，政府还可以优先减少收获后和运输过程中的粮食损失和浪费；因为中国大部分的粮食损失，都发生在食品供应链的这一阶段。”
虾仁豆腐蒸蛋
9/10/2021
谁说减脂餐只有水煮菜和沙拉，减脂餐也要很好吃呀，这道菜鲜美饱腹还高蛋白低卡，而且全程操作非常简单！这道菜你减不减肥都能吃。
食材：鸡蛋、虾仁、嫩豆腐、葱
做法：
1、虾仁加葱瓣加姜片，先用水煮熟（这样先煮熟就可以减少腥味而且之后放到鸡蛋里面会更加好看快捷）
2、煮好的虾仁去壳备用
3、鸡蛋加一点盐小半勺生抽打散，再加上半碗水，搅拌均匀，上面会有气泡，用勺子将小气泡捞出（目的是让鸡蛋羹光滑）
4、豆腐切块放入里面（一定要有嫩豆腐，和鸡蛋比较搭）
5、上锅蒸之前裹上保鲜膜，鸡蛋保持细密嫩滑无气孔的办法就是盖上保鲜膜
6、蒸10分钟左右到鸡蛋表面成型后摆放上虾仁，再盖上保鲜膜蒸6分钟左右（现在放是因为鸡蛋成型后虾仁才能放在表面，如果一开始放就容易和豆腐一样下沉）
7、最后出锅前淋上一勺生抽小半勺香油，撒上葱花。
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更多美食制作方法，请参考
www.macaronmagic.com
Jun 22, 2021
A virtual tour of my new book Croissant Dozens. In this book, you will find the secrets for making more than forty mouthwatering croissant dough creations, from the classic pain au chocolat, chausson aux pommes, and kouign-amann to the irresistible snails, from danish-retro reinventions of pinwheels, pockets, turnovers, swirls, and twists to modern-chic creations of mont-blanc, whiskey tarts, apricot hearts, and rose loaves. Finally, whimsical animal-inspired treats will please both the eye and the palate! Croissant Dozens opens new doors for discovering the tantalizing world of croissant pastries. Recipes are accompanied by step-by-step photographs to demonstrate procedures, dimensional diagrams to offer quick references, and photographs of finished works to provide inspiration. So, without further ado, let’s laminate!
About the Author
A former NASA research engineer, Jialin Tian developed a passion for making pastries while she was working on her doctoral dissertation in satellite instrumentation. Since then, the art of pastry making has brought her endless enjoyment. Classically trained, Jialin studied pastry and chocolate art at the prestigious French Pastry School in Chicago. She holds Certified Specialist of Spirits (CSS) and Certified Specialist of Wine (CSW) diplomas from the Society of Wine Educators. She is the author of eight cookbooks and the creative director and publisher at Jayca. Jialin received her PhD in electrical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2004. She lives in the greater DC metro area.
