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Omicron疫情狂烧 医护被榨干 美国医院惨况曝光
文章来源: 中时电子报
01/08/2022
Omicron虽然被视为症状较温和,不过全美各地医院仍感受到Omicron高度传染的威力,值得注意的是这只变异株和先前几波疫情造成的混乱不同,虽然患者的病情并不严重,但是连医护都相继病倒,导致医院人力极度短缺,不少医护绝望表示已经“筋疲力尽”。
Jan 3, 2022
美联社报导,和前几波疫情不同,Omicron肆虐下,许多医护也染疫,导致医院面临严重的人力短缺问题。同一时间,大批民众涌进急诊室希望进行病毒检测,让医疗系统更紧绷,让人更惊讶的是,部分医院里因为其他疾病住院的患者中,高达2/3检测结果呈现阳性。
唯一的好消息是,这波新冠患者的症状并未如同Delta患者那般严重,加护病房并不如那时满载,也没有这么多患者需要呼吸器治疗。
不过人手严重不足的压力仍让许多医院收紧非紧急手术及关闭病房,国民兵也被派至各州支援医疗中心及病毒筛检站。
新冠疫情延烧2年,医护已经筋疲力尽、充满挫折,犹他健康大学(University of Utah Health)医生格拉斯格(Dr. Robert Glasgow)感叹,“真的很累了,我已经说得很保守了。”这间医院有数百名员工染疫或隔离。
目前全美有8.5万人因新冠住院,直逼9月初Delta疫情高峰的9.4万人,美国住院高峰落在2021年1月的12.5万人。
值得注意的是,部分住院患者一开始并不是因为新冠住院,纽约大学朗格尼医学中心(NYU Langone Health)就有65%患者是因为其他疾病住院后意外发现染疫,西雅图2间大型医院的确诊患者中,2/3是因为其他因素住院。
加州大学旧金山分校医疗人力中心(Healthforce Center at the University of California)副主任丝佩茨(Joanne Spetz)表示,病例增加有好有坏,好消息是患者症状较轻,代表疫苗、先前染疫形成的免疫力有用,坏消息是病毒快速传播,代表一部分的人最终仍需要住院。
加州36%的医院通报人力严重短缺,另外40%预计将人力不足,有医院甚至通报1/4员工因为新冠相关原因请假。因应人力不足,部分医院转向临时机构求助,或是将患者转出,也有医院空出病床,或是关闭妇产科,因为护士人手不足。
阿拉巴马州是全美疫苗接种率最低的州之一,仅约50%成人完整接种,当地医院甚至要求民众到其他地方做病毒检测,拜托轻症患者在家隔离就好,情况危急再就医,诊疗室也人满为患,部分患者必须在走廊上接受检查。
康乃狄克州许多急诊室患者没有病床,只能躺在走廊上,护士经常连值2个班, 巴克斯普兰菲尔德紧急护理中心(Backus Plainfield Emergency Care Center)护士戴顿(Sherri Dayton)说:“我们要被淹没了,我们筋疲力尽了。”
美国各州下水道水样检测 新冠病毒含量超高!
世界新闻网
01/04/2022
全国各州检测污水后发现,样本中的新冠病毒水平打破纪录,涉及Omicron变种的例子也多于以往,反映疫情正急速扩散。专家表示,考虑到部分患者未必出现症状或接受检测,因此污水化验日后将扮演更重要角色,成为衡量疫情的关键指标。
NBC报道,从东岸的麻省至西岸的加州,多州都已开始积极化验污水,了解新冠病毒在社区传播的情况 。在麻省从事相关业务的科技公司Biobot Analytics表示,患者即使不接受检测,都会随排泄物排出病毒,因此结果覆盖的范围更广也更准确。麻省大学洛厄尔分校(UM Lowell)的环境工程副教授帕格苏因(Sheree Pagsuyoin)也说,愈来愈多城市开始透过这种渠道,了解疫情发展趋势。
根据Biobot Analytics的分析报告,现时全国污水样本中出现的新冠病毒,水平已经达到疫情爆发以来最高,意味着病例正前所未有地激增。
以德州休斯顿为例,市府卫生局的污水分析显示,当地截至12月20日,污水样本中的新冠病毒载量为546%,明显高于之前2个星期的142%和76%,12月20日的污水样本中,新冠阳性比例也有14%。此外,加州、麻省、北卡、爱达荷、密苏里、科罗拉多等州的部分地区,患者数字也大幅增加。为此密苏里州府的卫生部门已与当地大学合作,透过污水追踪疫情发展,最新数据显示Omicron变种正在州内迅速传播。
密州卫生部门的污水监测计划负责人温泽尔(Jeff Wenzel)说,12月20日时,当局在全州收集了57个污水样本,其中32个发现Omicron的踪迹,相比之下,之前1个星期的63个样本中,只有15个含有Omicron变种。
Wastewater samples reveal record levels of coronavirus across U.S.
“Wastewater is going to be a leading indicator for what’s going on in a given community and what’s to come,” said a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.
By Alicia Victoria Lozano
01/04/2022
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With at-home Covid-19 tests in high demand and their efficacy in question, health departments from California to Massachusetts are turning to sewage samples to get a better idea of how much the coronavirus is spreading through communities and what might be in store for health care systems.
Experts say wastewater holds the key to better understanding the public health of cities and neighborhoods, especially in underserved areas that do not have equal access to care.
“Every time an infected person uses the toilet, they’re flushing this information down the toilet, where it’s collecting and aggregating and mixing with poop from thousands of other people,” said Newsha Ghaeli, a co-founder and the president of Biobot Analytics, a wastewater epidemiology company based in Massachusetts.
“Even if you can’t access a test, you’re still pooping,” Ghaeli said. “It doesn’t depend on you having access to health care or health insurance.”
Monitoring sewage can also measure other public health concerns, such as obesity, opioids and even polio, said Sheree Pagsuyoin, an associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. The pandemic has ushered in a new era of wastewater analysis, once a maligned discipline, to inform public health policy.
“It’s sort of like mapping a trend,” Pagsuyoin said, adding that there has been a “paradigm shift” as more cities turn to sewage analysis to better understand local challenges.
Recent wastewater analysis from a variety of sources across the country indicates an unprecedented surge in infections at a time when millions of people are forced to reconsider travel and holiday plans.
According to Biobot Analytic’s wastewater dashboard, coronavirus levels detected in sewage samples across the country are higher now than at any previous point in the pandemic.
Recent wastewater samples in Houston, for example, show that there has been a sharp increase in the amount of the coronavirus detected in the city’s sewage. As of Dec. 20, Houston’s viral load, or the amount of virus found in samples, was at 546 percent compared to July 6, 2020, and the positivity rate was at 14 percent, according to the city Health Department’s wastewater dashboard. The viral load is up from 142 percent last week and 76 percent the previous week.
More than 700 city employees have contracted the virus, Mayor Sylvester Turner said on Twitter. As a result, Turner announced the opening of two additional megasites that will offer free testing for residents.
Dr. Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said: “Wastewater is going to be a leading indicator for what’s going on in a given community.
“It will also give an indication of what’s to come, because not every Covid case comes to clinical attention — many cases are mild or asymptotic,” he added. “But the fact is that people who are infected are going to shed the virus in their stool.”
Sewage monitoring also shows case numbers surging in parts of California, Colorado, Idaho, Massachusetts, Missouri and North Carolina, as well as Canada, Spain and the United Kingdom.
A team of researchers at the University of Missouri has been working with the state Department of Health and Senior Services and the Department of Natural Resources to track the virus through wastewater.
Researchers in Missouri separate the virus from larger particles of waste and extract its genetic material. They can also amplify the genetic material and study it in greater detail through a process known as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition to detecting the presence of the virus that causes Covid-19 in human waste, researchers are also able to identify specific variants.
New data show that the highly contagious omicron variant is spreading quickly throughout the state.
Expanded testing conducted Dec. 20 found mutations associated with the omicron variant in 32 of 57 wastewater samples collected statewide, Jeff Wenzel, who oversees the wastewater surveillance program for the state health department, told The Associated Press. Testing conducted the week before found the mutation in 15 of 63 test locations.
Pagsuyoin is part of a team in Massachusetts developing a wireless sensor that could detect SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, in the air and in wastewater days before an outbreak occurs. Researchers will undertake a three-year study using data from three monitoring sites, two of them in Massachusetts and the other in the Philippines.
“People are becoming a little bit more open about using wastewater data to know where a disease is supposedly coming out,” she said. “We can use this technology to more efficiently monitor population health.”
Sewage analysis is most effective as an early warning signal between surges — particularly because people are not testing as often when rates are down — and in tracking cases when waves begin to dissipate. It can also help fill in some gaps during waves when testing is insufficient and serve as a way to compare waves, said Dr. Albert Ko, a professor of public health, epidemiology and medicine at Yale University’s School of Public Health.
“What it is useful for is looking at trends over time and comparing, let’s say, ‘Are we as bad in transmission this wave as compared to the last one?’” Ko said, although he added that variants and seasonality can “hamper interpretation” of such comparisons.
Ko said wastewater surveillance is best used as part of a broader analysis of an outbreak that takes other data points into consideration, like testing.
新冠疫苗研发者:总不能每6个月给全球打一针
世界新闻网
01/04/2022
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/photo-2022-01-04T142405.061.webp)
英国每日邮报报导,英国研发AZ新冠疫苗的牛津疫苗小组主任波拉德(Andrew Pollard)说,除非有足够证据证明必须注射第四剂新冠疫苗,否则英国不该贸然推动第四剂。
波拉德说,每6个月给每个人打加强针「没办法持续下去」。
他说,未来的免疫策略应针对最脆弱的人,而非所有成人。
以色列已核准对60岁以上民众施打第四剂,德国公卫官员则已警告,为了控制新冠病毒变异株Omicron疫情,将须施打第二剂加强针。
英国上月订购1亿1400万剂辉瑞和莫德纳疫苗,供未来两年使用,目的是「预防万一」,目前不清楚这些疫苗将如何派上用场。
波拉德说:「我们不能每4到6个月给全球打疫苗,这无法持续下去,我们也负担不起。未来我们必须重点针对脆弱群体。」
波拉德是牛津大学新冠疫苗试验首席主持人,也是首相顾问委员会「疫苗与免疫共同委员会」主席。
Omicron超狂传染途径曝光 专家:旧规则都没用了
中时新闻网
01/03/2022
新冠变异株Omicron席卷美欧,美国过去一周单日新增确诊人数4度破纪录,美国专家感叹,过去的病毒传播定律都不适用了,指出民众的口罩如果松了,或是短暂拉下口罩,又或者进入刚才有人咳嗽的电梯内,就可能感染Omicron。
美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)报导,美国2022开年并不好过,专家警告,Omicron疫情将以”前所未见的速度爆炸”,对于许多美国人来说,1月就会发现生活方式被迫改变。
Dec 20, 2021
ABC News’ Linsey Davis speaks with Dr. Alok Patel of Stanford Children’s Health on the rapid spread of omicron as it becomes the most dominant variant in the U.S.
美国布朗大学(Brown University)急诊医学教授雷妮(Megan Ranney)表示,Omicron真的到处都是,她担心接下来一个月美国经济活动将会再度停摆,并不是政策导致,而是许多人生病。
美国过去一周平均7日单日确诊人数4度破纪录,2021年最后一天新增38.6万人确诊创纪录。
CNN医疗分析师芮纳(Jonathan Reiner)表示,Omicron传染性极强,过去抑制病毒散播的措施”现在可能都没那么有效了”。
Jan 2, 2022
Omicron infection also produced immunity against Delta. This means someone who has been infected with delta is largely immune to subsequent delta infection. Therefore delta will soon have no one to infect, therefore will go away.
他回忆,新冠疫情爆发初期,那时学界的共识是,和确诊者的距离在6英尺(约1.8公尺)以内,且接触超过15分钟才算”严重曝露”,但是现在”这些规则都不适用了”,”这是一只有超强传染力的病毒。”
芮纳进一步指出,现在就算快速、短暂的接触,也可能导致感染,包括口罩松掉、快速拉下口罩,甚至是走进一间刚才有人咳嗽的电梯内,都有可能感染Omicron。
Omicron的高传播力解释了为何全球多国的病例快速激增。
Taking a step back: US colleges returning to online classes
By COLLIN BINKLEY
01/02/2022
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/CLLJ64QGAZD7NNLAZXEDIVHXPE.webp)
(AP) – With COVID-19 cases surging just as students are about to return from winter break, dozens of U.S. colleges are moving classes online again for at least the first week or so of the semester — and some warn it could stretch longer if the wave of infection doesn’t subside soon.
Several University of California campuses, including UCLA, will return to remote classes for the first two weeks of the winter term in January amid an increase in coronavirus cases.
Harvard is moving classes online for the first three weeks of the new year, with a return to campus scheduled for late January, “conditions permitting.” The University of Chicago is delaying the beginning of its new term and holding the first two weeks online. Some others are inviting students back to campus but starting classes online, including Michigan State University.
Many colleges hope that an extra week or two will get them past the peak of the nationwide spike driven by the highly contagious omicron variant. Still, the surge is casting uncertainty over a semester many had hoped would be the closest to normal since the start of the pandemic.
哥大研究:全美Omicron疫情 可能在1月中达高峰
世界新闻网
01/01/2022
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/photo-2022-01-01T165813.182.webp)
据「纽约时报」报导,哥伦比亚大学研究显示,全美Omicron变异株疫情可能在1月中即达到高峰,但仍恐使各医院穷于应付。
Dec 31, 2021
The United States remains the hardest-hit country in the world by the Coronavirus, and the Omicron variant has already started to overwhelm some hospitals in the US.
纽时指出,过去一个月以来,COVID-19(2019冠状病毒疾病)Omicron变异株在全球以惊人速度传播,感染者包括已接种疫苗或染疫康复人士。
美国去年12月30日添加逾58万确诊病例,打破29日才创下的单日染疫人数纪录。据信这项数据仍大幅低估,原因是检测不足、居家筛检普遍及圣诞假期通报延迟。
哥伦比亚大学研究人员的最新估计显示,美国可能会在1月9日起当周达到疫情高峰,平均7日确诊数会来到250万例上下,甚至可能多到500万例。
领导哥大这项疫情模型研究的流行病学家沙曼(Jeffrey Shaman)表示:「这令人震惊,使人不安,我们将目睹前所未见的Covid-19病例数。」
Scientists predict omicron will peak in the U.S. in mid-January but still may overwhelm hospitals
By Azeen Ghorayshi | The New York Times
01/01/2022
With the news that South Africa has passed the peak of its coronavirus cases caused by the omicron variant, scientists are projecting that the United States’ sharp increase in cases will crest as soon as the middle of January.
Over the past month, the omicron variant has spread around the world with astonishing speed, even among people who are vaccinated or who had recovered from previous infections. On Thursday, the United States surpassed 580,000 cases, beating the record set only a day before.
Jan 1, 2022
Countries across the world have flung into action when Omicron was first detected in South Africa. Further the WHO classified it as a virus of concern. Watch this report for more.
That is believed to be a vast undercount, because of testing shortages, the popularity of at-home tests and reporting delays over the holidays. What’s more, a significant number of people may have asymptomatic infections and never know it.
New estimates from researchers at Columbia University suggest that the United States could peak by Jan. 9 at around 2.5 million cases per week, although that number may go as high as 5.4 million. In New York City, the first U.S. metropolis to see a major surge, the researchers estimated that cases would peak by the first week of the new year.
“It’s shocking. It’s disturbing,” said Jeffrey Shaman, a public health researcher who led the Columbia modeling work. “We’re seeing unprecedented numbers of COVID-19 cases.”
The variant is significantly milder than delta and other versions of the virus and is far less likely to lead to hospitalizations, according to data from South Africa and preliminary data from Britain released Friday.
Still, the enormous numbers of people getting simultaneously infected could greatly strain hospitals, experts said, especially in places with lower vaccination rates or in places where hospitals are already overburdened. Just how much of a burden the variant will be, however, depends on how quickly it will burn out in particular communities, especially in large cities.
Those complex transmission dynamics have been maddeningly difficult to predict with precision.
Another model, released by a research group from the University of Washington last week, estimated that the United States would reach a peak in cases by the end of January. But even those researchers are now rethinking their projections based on omicron’s rapid spread.
“We are realizing right now monitoring the data that the peak is going to come much faster,” said Ali Mokdad, a public health researcher at the University of Washington. “My guess is it will happen before mid-January.”
The numbers are increasing so quickly that some public health researchers say modeling isn’t even necessary to see where things are headed, said William Hanage, a public health researcher at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.
“The context for all of this is that hospitals are struggling,” Hanage said. “We don’t have that much spare capacity. And of course, omicron makes that worse.”
There are some reasons to think that the variant’s behavior in the United States might be different than in other countries. In South Africa, for example, the population is much younger, and a large proportion had been infected by earlier waves of the virus. In Britain, the vaccination rate for older people is much higher than in the United States.
While South Africa saw a rapid increase in cases followed by a sharp decline, it’s unclear whether cases will crest in the United States in a similar fashion. Because of the number of unknowns, including the emergence of new variants and government restrictions aimed at curbing transmission, Shaman’s group limits its projections to four to six weeks in the future.
Two things can cause new infections to decline, according to Natalie Dean, a public health researcher at Emory University. The biggest contributor is that the virus can burn through people in certain communities, especially dense cities; when it stops finding people to infect, new cases decline. People may also change their behaviors, whether through societal restrictions or on their own, giving the virus fewer opportunities to find them.
“Our communities are complicated — it doesn’t mean that everyone in the community has gotten infected,” Dean said. “It’s kind of the people who are most connected.”
The United States could also see more localized outbreaks, with cases beginning to decline in current hot spots, like New York City and Washington D.C., just as they’re beginning to take off elsewhere. That could lead to more of a rounded peak instead of a sharp turnaround, Shaman said.
美疫情持续创新高 全美「1秒4人染疫」 日均确诊飙破34万
世界新闻网
12/31/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photo-2021-12-31T231403.063.webp)
全美新冠疫情持续创新高,30日单日确诊达到58万2044例,让过去七天平均每日确诊数升至34万4543例,相当于每秒就有近四人染疫,单周则是接近250万人染疫,而哥伦比亚大学预测,可能在两周之内,此数字就会翻倍。
在Omicron变种病毒的令人咋舌传播力之下,全美确诊数在过去七天达到249万例,与再之前的七天相比多95%,不但已超过今年1月3日至9日间170万例的纪录,更逼近11月全月255万例的纪录。
专家:高峰还要维持4-8周
去年以来的确诊数波动显示,新冠疫情发展诡谲难测,有些学术机构甚至已经放弃预测超过一周后的发展趋势;例如以当前疫情来说,哥伦比亚大学的研究团队推估,确诊数将在9日那周达到高峰,彼时该周的确诊数可能在250万至500万之间。
但是明尼苏达大学流行病学家奥斯特霍姆(Michael Osterholm)表示,一切恐怕「还只是刚刚开始而已」,「确诊数至少要四到八周后才会开始下降」,而在这段期间,全国将看到「前所未见」的疫情发展局面。
华盛顿大学的研究团队预测,疫情将在2月6日达到高峰,届时的平均每日确诊数约在40万8000例左右;费城儿童医院的研究人员鲁宾(David Rubin)则认为,1月第二周确诊数就会开始下降,但是部分地区仍会苦于疫情。
不过无论如何,鉴于许多民众染疫后并未向当局报告,或是无症状或轻症而不自知,故真实的确诊数必然要高得多;哥大流行病学家萨曼(Jeffrey Shaman)说:「也许我们在谈论的数字是1000万」,是「除了疯狂之外还是疯狂」的数字。
全美过去七天的病殁人数为1万823人,仍远低于今年1月10日至16日间病殁2万3415人的纪录;这显示Omicron病毒的致命力可能较低,但联邦疾病防治中心(CDC)推估,未来三周仍会有4万2000人病殁。
经济封锁已非政府考虑的选项之一,而是由加强检测及推动疫苗接种取而代之,但是从海量航班到运动赛事的取消,都表明这波疫情仍可能会以「更为温和但同样全面性」的方式,扰乱民众的日常生活。
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跨年派对 户外也要戴口罩 打疫苗、避群众 少在餐厅室内用餐
世界新闻网
12/30/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/164086739972371_P14961238-576x1024.png)
新冠病毒Omicron病株构成严重威胁,即将来临的跨年派对活动,公卫专家建议谨慎小心,室内活动规模缩小,而且参加者都必须完全接种、打了加强针。大型活动最好在室外举行,但不管怎样,参加者都须全程配戴口罩,以防万一。
洛杉矶时报对跨年防护建议如下:
第一,到餐厅用餐,最好在室外,尽量不要进到室内。
旧金山加大(UCSF)传染病学者陈子平(Peter Chin-Hong)之前受访时说,如果接种完全应该可以室内用餐,但随着疫情再度升温,现在连他都改口不该在室内用餐。
陈子平告诉洛时,虽然重症的机会不高,但接下来的隔离将会影响工作和家庭,所以安全为上,要是非得出外用餐,他宁可坐室外区。圣他克拉拉县(Santa Clara)卫生局长柯迪(Sara Cody)也同意,认为在添加病例增加两倍状况下,事先点餐然后外带最安全,她完全不建议室内又不戴口罩的场合。
第二,避免参加大型活动。
圣他克拉拉县的柯迪说,除了小型聚会,或全程都在户外的活动,不然她都不建议参加。洛杉矶加大(UCLA)公卫学者金-法利(Robert Kim-Farley)表示同意,而且绝对要避免室内唱唱跳跳的活动,因为很难保持适当距离。相对之下,他倒觉得户外看烟火是个不错的选择,但还是应全程配戴口罩。
另外,专家都建议,在参加活动前应该先做一次快筛。陈子平说,虽然PCR检测准确度够,但拿到报告多半都已经是两天后的事了,很可能做完PCR之后才被传染,因此出发前再做一次快筛最安心。他说,五岁以下小孩目前还不能施打疫苗,但如果大人们都已经接种,那就问题不大;但如果来自不同家庭的多个孩童在一起,就不太安全了。
第三,非必要的搭机与会展,能免则免。
UCLA的金-法利说,面对当前情势,非必要飞行能免则免,最好等一两个月后再说,如果真的要飞,虽然搭机过程的风险不高,但到了当地变量会更多,特别是筛检呈现阳性反应时,很可能会变成都关在旅馆隔离。
至于会展,除非主办方做好万全准备,类似公卫专家近期在科罗拉多州的大会,会场座位相隔甚远,必须出示接种证明并全程配戴口罩,并且确保通风良好,否则金-法利会建议,视频与会就好。
第四,新年期间取消或缩小规模的活动。
旧金山烟火跨年已取消,洛杉矶市中心Grand Park的跨年晚会,改成视频直播,倒数计时则会投影在市政厅墙面。
长堤市的跨年烟火仍旧举行,不过当地商会建议最好找个餐厅观赏。玫瑰花车游行一样照办,但主办方要求参加者都须出示接种证明与72小时内的阴性报告。观众如要进入收费区域,12岁以上都要出示接种证明与72小时内的阴性报告,18岁以上的还要出示附照片的身分证明,两岁以上的都得戴上口罩。
第五,全程户外的滑雪活动可以照常。
因为参加者本来就会戴上面部护具,但当进到室内区域时,UCLA的金-法利说,大家最好拿了食物就到外面吃。
Omicron 变种病毒肆虐 美国单日确诊破50万 却反而缩短隔离期
大公网
12/28/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/20211229042800202.jpg)
综合美联社、《纽约时报》、《今日美国报》报道:Omicron变种病毒肆虐,美国27日报告单日新增超过50万宗病例,刷新最高纪录。然而美国疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)同日却更新防疫指引,将新冠肺炎无症状患者的隔离天数由10天减至5天,人手严重不足的航空等行业对此表示欢迎。然而,批评意见指出,CDC在疫情高峰期缩短隔离时间,做法偏袒商界,不科学,也不顾民众及医护的安危。
根据约翰霍普金斯大学数据,27日单日美国录得超过50万宗确诊病例,打破全球最高纪录。过去7日,全美平均每日新增超过24万宗确诊个案,接近去年冬天的峰值。美媒指,确诊数字骤增到50万与圣诞假期检测结果大量积压有关,但同时反映Omicron的传染性极高。
航空界频吁缩短隔离期
然而,在Omicron带来新一波感染潮之际,美国CDC却颁布最新指引,将新冠肺炎无症状患者的隔离天数从10天减半至5天,之后5天内与他人相处时应佩戴口罩。有症状的确诊者隔离5天后,病情有好转就可以外出,发烧者则要待完全退烧。CDC同时更新针对密切接触者的规定,若已接种新冠疫苗加强剂,相关人士将毋须自我隔离,但要戴口罩10天;未接种疫苗及未接种加强剂人士要隔离5天,再佩戴口罩5天。
早前,航空业游说团体公开呼吁CDC缩短隔离日期,因而达美航空等各大航企对最新决定表示欢迎。根据flightaware网站数据,圣诞节周末美国约2300个航班被取消,主要是因为大批机师和机组人员染疫被迫隔离。商界警告,若不改变指引,Omicron的强传播性将令企业无法继续运营。
Dec 27, 2021
The omicron variant of the coronavirus has upended plans to put the pandemic behind us. Instead, average daily U.S. COVID infections are up 80 percent in two weeks. Hospitals are hunkering down, and the White House is scrambling to respond. Yet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued new guidance, cutting quarantine time for the infected in half — to five days. Stephanie Sy reports.
不过,新指引漏洞百出,包括患者只需要隔离5天,即使没有阴性检测证明也能外出。哈佛大学公共卫生学院助理教授、流行病学家米纳则批评,CDC做法“鲁莽”。有医学专业人士在twitter上抨击,美国CDC的决定并不是一个公共卫生的决策,而是一个“商业决策”。更有美国网友直言,政府为了大企业的经济利益而忽略科学或公众健康,令人作呕。用户@rainorwine讽刺道:“巴斯蒂安(达美航空CEO)正在掌控CDC。”
CDC主任瓦伦斯基则称,缩短隔离期能“让民众继续安全地生活”。美国国家过敏症和传染病研究所所长福奇亦附和称,“在缩短隔离期后,这些感染者可以尽快回到工作岗位,保证社会正常运转。”
医护中招仅须隔离五日
另外,冬日疫情升温也让原本紧张的美国疫苗系统负荷加重,医护人员人手严重不足。面对这个问题,美国卫生当局不是想办法增加人手,提供额外的防护装备或者改善工作环境的通风等,而是缩短确诊医护的隔离期。美国CDC上周更新指引,确诊但无症状的医护人员隔离七天且筛检阴性后可回归工作岗位,“若人力依然不足,隔离期会再缩短”,隔离天数可低至五天。此外,已接种疫苗加强剂人士,毋须在经历暴露高风险后居家隔离。
Dec 28, 2021
As cases and infections surge, hospital admissions do no
缩短医护隔离期的规定也被批评不科学,犹如给一个要截肢的病人贴止血胶布。截至本月17日,美国至少有4686名医护人员死于新冠。协会批评,当局新冠初期就没有优先考虑医护安全,个人防护设备不足,才是导致人员短缺的根源,“目前的指导意见只会‘雪上加霜’,使我们和病人都处于更严重的危险中。”
另外,假期确诊病例激增,各地却出现病毒检测试剂短缺,检测点大排长龙。24日,工作人员在纽约布鲁克林发放快速家庭检测试剂盒,民众挤在门前,一旦有试剂盒递出就上前推搡哄抢,现场一片叫骂声,需出动警察维持秩序。
网友评论
@bone00afide:
CDC将隔离期从10天缩短到5天的新建议是一个商业决定,而不是一个公共卫生决定。
@skane2600:
面对公认传播力最强的变种病毒,却要缩短隔离期,这真的很奇怪。
@rainorwine:
巴斯蒂安(达美航空CEO)正在掌控CDC。
@DebBissen:
所以我想当局正在放弃控制病毒传播?金钱总是统治着美国的一切,这令人作呕。
v@aguirre120404:
政府从一开始就是为了大企业的经济利益而做出每一个决定。
@lanerebecca:
在这种时间安排下,我们甚至来不及在结束隔离前获得PCR测试结果。
@WolfenWingsShop:
老实说,在他们(CDC)最开始说口罩不起作用的那一刻,我就不再相信他们了。
我是一名ICU医生,关于疫情我这样看的…
文章来源: 纽约时报
12/28/2021
差不多就在一年前,我和同事们兴奋地排队接种了第一针新冠疫苗。虽然推迟了假日聚会,但我们在社交媒体上发布了接种疫苗的照片,向自己承诺2021年将会有所不同。
事实也确实如此。疫苗以及不断下降的病例数让我们当中最脆弱的人也能重新进入这个世界,谨慎地计划旅行,并且对生活抱有希望。但现在,随着传染性极强的奥密克戎变异株席卷全国,人们很容易产生挫败感。当我在手机上浏览新闻时,我发现自己在疲惫的冷漠、焦虑和沮丧情绪之间摇摆。
但奥密克戎并不等于疫苗的失败,也不意味着我们的生活必须永远被这种病毒主宰。恰恰相反。我们现在的情况虽然与一年前的想象有所不同,但我们仍有理由抱有希望。我们拥有的工具和知识应该使我们能够保持安全并保护他人,尽管这种病毒依然继续存在。更大的挑战可能是在未接种疫苗的人群中再次出现疾病激增的情况下,如何保持我们的集体人性。
科学发展很快,过去两年,就算是我们当中最自信的人,也学会了在做预测时保持谦卑。我们还不知道是不是奥密克戎本身主要导致轻症,或者我们观察到的轻症是不是疫苗接种和以前感染的免疫所带来的结果。但迄今为止的所有证据表明,我们中的大多数人如果完全接种了疫苗(包括加强针),并且在其他方面是健康的,就将面临相对轻微的疾病。
这并不意味着我们就什么也不用担心了,因为还有很多东西是未知的,我们做出的每一个决定都会影响到无数人。但是,有了疫苗接种、高质量口罩和快速检测手段,我们可以更好地管理风险,而不必让生活彻底暂停。
我们现在也知道,暂停自己的生活需要付出巨大的代价。当我想到这种病毒造成的痛苦时,我不仅想到我的新冠病毒患者,还想到一位老人,他被发现独自在公寓里,被带到我的医院时,他严重营养不良,已经好几个月没跟别人说过话了。我想到养老院的老人们,他们被剥夺了与人接触的机会,他们的失智症正在恶化。我想到了药物过量、酗酒和未获治疗的精神疾病,这些都是两年来的隐性疫情。
我们生性就不适合长时间的独处,我不相信我们会愿意回到那个残酷的现实。虽然各地的限制措施可能有所不同,但我们的政策应该在优先保证人们的安全的同时,保护人与人之间的联系。
但这种风险对我们所有人来说是不一样的。由于全国只有超过60%的人接种了疫苗,这种变异株的日益流行意味着医院预计会收治大量未接种疫苗的危重病人。而那些因癌症或移植而免疫力低下的人,以及因年龄或慢性疾病而身体虚弱的人,他们患病的风险仍然更高。这就导致了一系列越来越复杂的问题需要解决,这些问题没有简单的答案。我们的生活都是相互关联的。然而,当我自己的健康不再像以前那样受到威胁时,我该如何平衡个人选择和对他人的责任之间的矛盾?
不久前的一个下午,我在重症监护室巡视时,看到了一个熟悉的景象——六名已经插管和接受镇静麻醉的病患,无人陪伴,大都趴在床上。一名护士走出一间病房,迅速摘下N95口罩,换上外科医用口罩。“他们都没有接种疫苗,”她说。我因为这个事实而感到安心——可能我到底还是安全的——但我也在想,也许接下来将会大量增长的最大风险之一将是同情心疲劳——对未接种疫苗者产生同情的能力不断下降。
在走廊尽头,一个同事叫我过去看一位几周前一个晚上曾经照顾过的患者。她是一位30多岁的母亲,感染了冠状病毒,有严重的呼吸衰竭,如今终于要被转往一个长期重症监护医院了。我隔着帘子往里看。她是清醒的,身体极其虚弱,但还活着。
那天早些时候,我的同事向她解释了在她长期住院期间发生的事情,以及接下来在康复中心可能会发生的事情。然后他停顿了一下,改变了语调,告诉他的病人,她应该放下因为没有接种疫苗而带来的内疚或羞愧之情。她犯了一个错误,但医院就是一个这样的地方,我们在这里不加评判地照料人类易犯错误这一天性所带来的诸多后果,不是吗?她听后开始哭泣,然后问他自己能不能接种疫苗。不久她就接受了第一针疫苗。
当我和重症监护室的同事查房时,谈起病人,我们会把他们浓缩成一句话,包括他们的姓名、年龄和相关既往病史。现在,我们通常会把疫苗接种情况也包括在内。“40岁未接种男子,患有新冠肺炎重症。”我在想这个问题,想它会有什么影响。尽管将病人归类为已接种疫苗或未接种疫苗并不会改变呼吸机的设置或我们的用药,但我担心我们的沮丧会带来潜移默化的影响,以及我们如何用同情心来平衡这种真实而可以理解的愤怒。如果我们的病房里再次挤满新冠病毒患者,使得处于严重人员短缺边缘的卫生保健系统更加难以为继,应对这种紧张关系就将变得更为艰巨。
冬至那天的下午,一小群护士和医生聚集在一起,把一名新冠病毒患者绑在轮床上,准备推她离开病房,前往康复中心。我记得早些时候,每个病人离开时,医院广播系统里经常会放音乐,我们都会挤进大厅鼓掌、唱歌。值得庆幸的是,现在从这种病毒引发的危重疾病中存活下来已经不是什么稀罕事了。不过,医生和护士们还是鼓掌庆祝了一会儿,然后才回到工作中去。
战胜这种病毒会是什么样子?我曾经认为总有一天,我会照顾最后一个新冠病毒患者,但我现在意识到事实并非如此。这种病毒会像某些病毒一样成为地方病,每年冬天来临时,就会有一些新冠病毒患者,他们病得很重,最终会被送进重症监护室,其中有未接种疫苗的人,有免疫功能低下的人,也有特别不幸的人。我们会按照过去两年摸索出的方案来医治他们。没有人会惊慌、恐惧或愤怒;这会是预料之中的,就像流感或其他呼吸道病毒一样。现在的情况还不是这样。但我们会实现的。
Daniela Lamas是一名观点作者,也是波士顿布莱根妇女医院的肺部和重症医学医生。
温麟衍医师:布口罩对防御Omicron毫无帮助
世界新闻网
12/26/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photo-2021-12-26T173915.052.webp)
CNN报导,CNN医学分析家、乔治华盛顿大学急诊医师兼公卫学院卫生政策与管理客座教授温麟衍(Leana Wen)指出,布口罩对防御新冠病毒Omicron变异株毫无帮助,建议配戴医用口罩。
华裔的温麟衍说:「布口罩只不过是一种装饰品,在对抗Omicron方面毫无用武之地。」
温麟衍说:「至少应该配戴三层医用口罩。你可以在医用口罩上外加布口罩,但不要只戴布口罩。」她还说,在拥挤场合,最好配戴N95口罩。
鱼刺千万不要吞 妇脖子痛竟是鱼刺刺进甲状腺
世界新闻网
12/25/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photo-2021-12-25T215247.155.webp)
台湾高雄市一名妇人因脖子痛就医,到医院看内视镜遍寻不到原因,直到义大医院耳鼻喉科医师以电脑断层扫描,才找出插在左侧甲状腺的2公分鱼刺,因鱼刺接近大血管有致死风险,最后开刀摘除已严重受损的左侧甲状腺并取出鱼刺,目前妇人恢复良好。
义大医院耳鼻喉部耳科主任王建忠表示,妇人因脖子左侧红肿与喉咙痛到门诊就医,检查后并没有桃腺发炎等感冒症状,妇人才想起10天前有吞进鱼刺,之后左边脖子一压就痛,医师以内视镜查看妇人的咽喉、食道、舌根等部位还是没看到鱼刺,再安排电脑断层检查。
王建忠表示,电脑断层影像发现鱼刺疑似从食道穿刺进左侧甲状腺,因颈部有大量血管,一不小心有可能造成大出血、感染,决定进行手术,从脖子往甲状腺找到鱼刺,鱼刺已埋入左侧甲状腺造成严重受损,不得已决定牺牲左侧甲状腺,因还有右侧甲状腺,不至于影响功能。
妇人住院5天后恢复良好出院,后续返院抽血检查,甲状腺状况一切正常。王建忠指出,鱼刺穿刺到甲状腺的病例其实少见,较常卡在食道等部位。
王建忠提醒,民众如果误吞鱼刺,千万不要以吞大量贩或吃醋酸等方式解决,应及时就医取出,避免鱼刺哽喉再移位到其他重要器官,造成严重感染、纵膈腔炎等,致死率可达5成,不得不慎。
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/164044981992620_P14882753.webp)
调查:可携式发电机每年造成70人死亡 堪称致命商品
世界新闻网
12/17/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photo-2021-12-17T195157.299.webp)
国家广播公司(NBC)、非营利新闻调查组织ProPublica以及德州论坛报(Texas Tribune)联合调查报导指出,可携式发电机(portable generators)散发一氧化碳,平均每年在美国造成70人死亡,数千人受伤,堪称市面上最危险的致命商品之一,但不少民众遭逢天灾而停电时,仍然把可携式发电机放在室内空间使用,制造商对于安全措施的改进则脚步缓慢。
报导指出,联邦政府早在20年前便对可携式发电机的一氧化碳风险提出警告,但相关法规却让厂商得以自主管理,使得产品安全改善相当有限,消费者死亡案例持续传出。肯塔基州等地上周受到龙卷风侵袭,数十万民众无电可用,可携式发电机的使用安全再次受到瞩目。
飓风艾妲(Hurricane Ida)今年夏末过境,导致路易西安纳州沿岸地区大停电,50岁当地居民柯里(Craig Curley Sr.)在一家家得宝(Home Depot)分店抢购到一台可携式发电机,专程送到位于杰弗逊教区(Jefferson Parish)的54岁前妻狄米翠丝‧强生(Demetrice Johnson)家里,让前妻与孩子们有电可用。
柯里受访时说,曾经劝告前妻带着孩子到休士顿亲戚家暂住,因为地方官员说必须数日才可恢复供电,但强生却说只要有发电机为家电产品供电即可,宁可继续住在家里。
柯里帮忙把Briggs & Stratton厂牌的可携式发电机架设在强生住家后院,还教导儿子如何重新启动发电机。然而,隔天早晨,强生以及年龄分别为17岁、23岁的两名儿子,却都因为一氧化碳吸入中毒而死亡。消防人员指出,可携式发电机散发的一氧化碳从住家后门流入,导致母子三人丧生。
柯里接受访问时说,如果当初对于可携式发电机有足够了解,「我就不会去买这种该死的东西」。
报导指出,根据联邦政府机关的统计数据,可携式发电机散发大量一氧化碳,可以相当于450辆汽车的废气排放,美国平均每年有70人因此死亡,数千人受伤。
专家警告,气候变迁加上全国基础建设年久失修的双重因素,威力越来越强的天灾侵袭时,停电时间将变得越来越长,导致更多消费者购买可携式发电机。
路易西安纳州卫生厅(Louisiana Health Department)指出,艾妲风灾期间州内有6人因为一氧化碳中毒死亡,所有死亡案例都与可携式发电机有关,其中3人便是强生母子。
今年2月间,德州出现冬季风暴导致大停电,根据州政府法医办公室纪录,当时州内有至少10人也是因为使用可携式发电机导致一氧化碳中毒死亡。
搭飞机时手机掉椅下捡不到 为什么要立刻通知空服员?
世界新闻网
12/15/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photo-2021-12-15T000718.337.webp)
纽约邮报报导,搭飞机时若不小心将手机掉进座位侧边捡不到,应立即按服务铃请空服员帮忙,以防手机锂电池升温起火。
澳洲民航安全局曾发布一份声明警告手机在飞机上可能造成的危险:「手机掉入飞机座椅下方或侧面时,可能会在座椅移动时被压碎。这不只会损坏手机的锂电池,还会让电池因过热而起火。」
声明建议乘客,如果在飞行过程中掉落手机,切勿移动座位,并要立刻向机组人员求援。手机如果坏了,机组人员也要立即处理。
Jul 31, 2018
Ryanair passengers escape on emergency chute after mobile phone external battery exploded while the 737 was about to taxi for departure. The incident happened around 5.30pm this afternoon at Barcelona’s El Prat airport as the packed Boeing 737 prepared to take off for Ibiza. No one needed medical attention, although some passengers are said to have suffered slight burns as they slid down the emergency chute.
今年8月,一场手机火灾就导致阿拉斯加航空公司疏散一架航班上的旅客。而更早以前,一名乘客2018年搭乘澳洲航空飞机从洛杉矶飞往墨尔本途中,手机掉入椅子的一侧。在他试着要捞起手机时,座位压碎了手机,手机就开始冒烟着火,机组人员持灭火器灭火后,机长迫降在雪梨,才化解危机。
JUST CALL THEM
Dangerous reason why passengers must tell cabin crew if they lose their phone
On a recent Qantas flight to Melbourne, a man dropped his mobile and then tried to fish it out from a crevice in the seat
By Caroline McGuire
12/15/2021
THERE are a number of ways to make yourself the most unpopular person on a flight – showing up late for boarding, picking your toenails and getting drunk on the free booze should all do it.
But starting a fire, even unintentionally, has got to be the clincher.
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/nintchdbpict000389217435.jpg)
It is far easier than you think to get a blaze going on a plane though – all a passenger has to do is lose their phone down the side of a seat.
On a Qantas flight to Melbourne in 2018, a man did just that, dropping his mobile and then trying to fish it out.
While he was trying to retrieve it the handset started smouldering, with the situation getting so bad that the pilot considered diverting the aircraft to Sydney and crew having to use fire extinguishers to put the blaze out.
Passengers are now warned to contact a flight attendant every time they lose a phone down the side of a plane seat, as crushing the powerful lithium batteries can easily spark a fire or explosion.
The incident follows a previous warning Australia’s Civil Aviation Safety Authority, who had released a statement that read: “Smart phones can fall into aircraft seat mechanisms and be crushed when the seat is moved.
“This can result in damage to the phone’s lithium battery which can cause overheating and fire.
“Passengers must remember never to move their seat if a phone goes missing while in-flight and to always ask the aircraft cabin crew for assistance.
“If a phone is damaged cabin crew should be alerted immediately.”
The incident is just one of a number of phone fires that have happened on planes in recent years.
In August of this year, a mobile phone caught fire in the cabin of an Alaska Airlines flight, leading to the plane being evacuated.
In July 2018, Ryanair passengers were filmed escaping on emergency chute after mobile phone battery burst into flames minutes before take-off.
Holidaymakers could be seen falling over each other in a bid to get away from the aircraft as quickly as they could after the inflatable slide was activated.
Then in February 2018, a passenger’s hand luggage was filmed in flames on China Southern flight as a flight attendant was forced to fight the fire.
Aug 1, 2018
Airline pilot Patrick Smith told Sun Online Travel that phones in checked-in luggage pose an even bigger problem to flight safety.
He said: “I would be concerned with fires in the lower hold.
“If one was to occur then crew people on board won’t have an understanding of what is happening or how fast it’s spreading.
“Holds are equipped with fire suppressant systems but these systems aren’t always effective against those types of fires.”
航班被取消、延误 旅客可依法争取退款
世界新闻网
12/08/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/163898458761118_P14720990.webp)
日前因错过转机,而被迫滞留在芝加哥欧海尔(O’Hare)国际机场的美食记者罗比塞莉(Allison Robicelli),趁机在机场内夜游,并在推特上介绍机场内的圣诞装饰与平时因匆忙而忽略的景致。旅行专家也建议民众,如果航班被取消、延误,或因新冠疫情必须放弃预定机位时,可依法争取退款或购买旅行保险弥补损失。
罗比塞莉在探索欧海尔机场时,发现在一号航厦(Terminal 1),连接B和C两大厅之间的地下信道里,有灯光设计师海顿(Michael Hayden)长达744呎、名为「一切都可能」(Sky’s the Limit)的灯饰艺术。海顿在信道的天花板上安装镜子与彩虹霓虹灯管,将这块原本阴暗乏味的空间打造成温暖的现代艺术,让旅客站在电动走道经过时,可以来回从不同角度欣赏。
另外,当航班取消或延迟时,根据Scott’s Cheap Flights的旅行专家奥兰多(Willis Orlando)说,民众在几个月前已经预定的机位,可能在最后一刻被取消或更改,原因可能是航空公司为了调整航班时刻表、增加飞行地点,或因应疫情期间的机组人员配置等。
奥兰多说,如果民众用航空公司的里程数或点数订位后,航班有大幅更动或被取消,航空公司必须退还里程数。如果民众付钱购票,可以在机票被取消、时间更动或增加停站点时,获得全额退款。
根据美国法律,班机延迟4到12小时、在直飞旅程中增加中途停靠地,或班机被航空公司取消,旅客都可要求全额退款。
如果民众因感染新冠病毒而自愿取消搭机,航空公司则不会退款,但可能会发给现金券(voucher)用于重订机票,多数航空公司也愿意免除更改航班的费用(change fee)。
担心因疫情取消旅行计划的民众,也可以考虑购买旅行保险,记得特别加注因疫情取消而获得退款的条约。
美国万物齐涨 揭开商家变相涨价5大策略
世界新闻网
12/05/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photo-2021-12-05T225730.957.webp)
这一波通膨压力让万物齐涨。华尔街日报报导,精明的企业不会大张旗鼓涨价,以免引发消费者抵触,而会选择巧妙的定价策略,以不易察觉的方式达到涨价目的。
以下是企业暗中涨价的几种常见方式。
1.拆分服务,降低品质,缩减顾客奖励计划
美国国内航线平均机票价格与25年前大致相当,但航空公司已找到隐蔽方式提高收费。首先,航空公司将服务拆分开来,无论是托运行李、提前登机、选座位、用餐等服务,乘客都得另外掏钱。
其次,从座椅间距、宽度、材质以及大小来看,飞机座位品质都大幅下滑,这意味消费者从票价中获取的价值要少得多。第三,许多航空公司都在逐步侵蚀「常客」飞行里程的价值,因此与1996年相比,常客的出行成本也增加了。
2.缩水式通膨和加量式附加费
缩水式通膨是食品业的惯用做法,指的是维持原有价格,但减少单位商品的重量、数量或体积。
很多购物者都觉得,带有「家庭装」或「超大装」字样的商品按单位价格计算会更便宜,但往往并非如此。商家通常把大包装商品的价格定得更高,从而赚取更多利润。这种提价方式称为「加量式附加费。」
3.减小促销力度、提高免运费门槛
4.会员费的沉没成本
仓储式会员店的大部分消费者几乎总是忽视会员费这笔初始费用,即便还要定期续费也依然如此。他们计算商品实际价格时,不考虑会员费。会员费掩盖了消费者支付的实际价格,这也是好市多(Costco)等企业成功的秘诀。
5.推出品质更高、价格也更贵的新品,无形中擡高商品价格
一元店聪明购物 买不买有讲究
世界新闻网
12/05/2021
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photo-2021-12-05T223739.285.webp)
一元商店向来是民众欲购买便宜货的好去处,不过因为所贩售的商品相当有限,去采买的人千万不可以用平时去沃尔玛(Walmart)等大型超市购物的模式去一元商店购物;非营利组织「消费者报告」(Consumer Report)的一些消费专家,就针对不同类型的采买标的,为消费者提供一些去一元商店买东西时可以运用的小技巧。
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photo-2021-12-05T223933.947.webp)
食物尽量买豆类干货
一元商店中很难买到新鲜的蔬果,但冷冻蔬果还是不错的选择,只要注意尽量不要买罐装的蔬菜,因为制作过程中食品加工厂通常会添加大量的钠,对人体是一种负担。
罐装的水果也不建议,因为加工厂为了保持甜度,会把水果泡在糖水中,消费者很容易摄取过量的糖;然而,如果真的找不到无添加物的蔬果而必须买罐装蔬果时,也要比较一下包装上注明的钠含量,而罐装水果买回家后,记得捞出来沥干,尽量避免摄取水果本身以外的糖分。
此外,一元商店货架上陈列的包装食品,如意大利面、牛肉干等,通常也有钠含量过高的问题,因此在一元商店购买食物时,尽可能选择干货、豆类或糙米,才能吃得便宜又健康。
而挑选果汁时,不要轻易地被包装上精美的图片所误导,里面装的不一定是纯原汁,务必要看清楚是不是「100%果汁」;至于是否为浓缩饮料并不重要,因为「浓缩」只是一项延长果汁保存期限的技术,虽然在加工过程中会丧失部分营养素,但100%的浓缩果汁至少还是真正的果汁。
![](https://cinfoshare.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/photo-2021-12-05T224052.731.webp)
非处方药、卫生用品便宜
一元商店中贩售的药品通常是仿药,但这不代表这些药是「假的」,而是制药商经过原药厂及联邦食品暨药物管理局(FDA)许可,以相同成分及制程制作出来的药物,只是不挂上原药厂的品牌名称在市场上流通,其安全性及有效性都与原药厂相同,且价格上还会更便宜;如果只是临时需要用到这种药,一元商店确实非常便宜,且可以只买需要的量,不会造成药物浪费,但如果有长期定期服药的需求,还是去药局买大罐装的比较划算。
另外,一元商店中绝对不能错过的就是卫生用品,许多大家耳熟能详的牌子的洗发精、沐浴乳、牙膏或肥皂等卫浴用品都比量贩店卖得更便宜,不过通常数量不会太多且库存有限;而最令人惊艳的莫过于卫生棉及卫生棉条等女性护理用品,一元商店的价格绝对适合一次性大量采买。
居家用品应急时购买
一元商店中的一些居家用品如卫生纸、清洁剂等等,由于都是以份量较小的散装包装零售,因此价格虽然便宜但通常只适合在应急时购买,如果要一次买大量卫生纸,还是要去量贩店比较经济实惠;至于如螺丝起子或铁锤之类的五金用品,一元商店中卖的通常只有标准规格,虽然便宜却不见得符合需求,还是跑一趟五金行比较快。
灯泡更要注意,一元商店中卖的东西是以「便宜」为号召,LED灯泡的价格绝对不可能下杀到这种低价,一元商店中的灯泡都是传统的白炽灯泡;白炽灯泡虽然售价便宜,但其耗电量比LED灯大,且再度坏掉的几率也比较高,因此除非万不得已,不太建议在一元商店买灯。
另外,一元商店中也有许多便宜的汽车用品,确实是车子突然故障时的最佳帮手;如果临时需要为汽车加点润滑油或换机油,只需要确认包装上印有石油协会(American Petroleum Institute)的标志即可,不需要太计较品牌名称,因为石油协会只会授权符合最新法规的产品贴这款标章;贴有这款标章的产品,即便是没听过的杂牌,都不会对车子造成损伤。
车修好了,换了starter。总结一下车子不能启动如何应对
By MB One
12/03/2021
先简单回顾一下我车的问题:车子几次启动不顺畅后,需要jump start才能启动,以为是电池坏了,但换了新电池还是启动不顺畅,然后就算jump start也不能启动了。像版上朋友说的那样,是starter坏了。
在yourmechanic.com上约了师傅上门换starter。(上周一约的,看错了以为是上周四,结果是这周四)师傅只花了一小时就换好了,他说他经常换starter,很熟。yourmechanic.com报价是按2.5小时算的,最后实付$567.23。yourmechanic.com上不能启动inspection是个单独的项目,收费一百多,我确定是starter的问题,就省了这步。
车子突然不能启动,主要是两个原因:电池没电,starter坏了。电池没电,有可能是车未运行时开大灯把电用光了,jump start就可以解决。还有可能是电池寿命到了,买个新电池换上就行。还可能是发电机alternator坏了,不能给电池充电。区分的方法是,用万用表测电压,如果车子运行时测得的电压稳定在14v以上,说明发电机是好的。
如果电池有电(12v以上),还是启动困难,甚至无法启动,那就是starter坏了。
如果真的是starter坏了,也不要慌,轻敲starter有可能暂时解决。有些车starter比较好够到,自己就可以换。我这车的starter位置比较深,我看了视频发现要拆很多东西,就找了Mobile mechanic换。yourmechanic.com还算可以,能事先看到价格,号称保修一年。
男婴噎到脸色发青 美餐厅客人“1工具”神救援
文章来源: 东森新闻
11/16/2021
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美国南卡罗来纳州一家餐厅日前发生一起意外,一名10月大的男婴进食中噎到,父母忙着以哈姆立克法急救,其他客人也纷纷上前帮忙,却无法将食物取出。这时一名陌生人使用他放在车上的急救装备,终于将异物吸出,惊险过程全被监视器拍下,影片在网络上疯传。
Sep 28, 2021
ABC Columbia reports on how a family dining at a local restaurant in Irmo SC quickly finds themselves in a choking emergency when their 10-month-old boy starts choking on pancakes. The Heimlich does not work and the boy loses consciousness. Watch to see how another customer at the restaurant steps in to help!
根据Inside Edition,男婴的母亲洁恩.科勒(Jayne Koehler)回忆道,当时10月大的儿子盖布瑞(Gabriel)因一块美式松饼噎住,马上伸手轻拍他的背部。但洁恩和丈夫乔恩(Jon)很快就意识到事情的严重性,因为盖布瑞的脸色开始发青,“而且发生得非常快”。
影片中可见,穿着粉红色上衣的洁恩察觉情况不对,将盖布瑞的身体翻了过来,发现盖布瑞已经脸色发青,马上大声呼救,急得忍不住哭出来。餐厅内其他客人赶紧上前帮忙,哈姆立克急救法却起不了作用。洁恩坦言,当时以为孩子快没命了。
众人围在盖布瑞周围时,男性客人希拉德(Major Hillard)在一片混乱之中冲出餐厅,跑回车上拿出名为LifeVac的急救装备再冲回餐厅内,将这种气道抽吸器覆盖在盖布瑞嘴上,成功将异物吸出,才让他奇迹似地恢复呼吸,开始大口喘气。
LifeVac是一种便于携带的急救设备,用于清除上呼吸道阻塞物。希拉德将这种设备放在车上已有5年,这是第一次使用,所幸及时派上用场,令科勒夫妇感激不已。这段影片12日在脸书上曝光,至今累积逾679万次观看,许多网友都留言感谢希拉德的神救援。
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异物进眼睛先别揉 医师教你外伤急救技巧
健康医疗网/记者林渝桦报导
5/14/2021
![(取材自健康医疗网)](https://pgw.worldjournal.com/gw/photo.php?u=https://uc.udn.com.tw/photo/2021/05/14/draft/12283952.jpg&x=0&y=0&sw=0&sh=0&sl=W&fw=800&exp=3600&q=75)
眼睛飞进小沙子、被肥皂水眼睛刺痛,忍不住想要马上揉眼睛,但揉眼睛小心眼角膜会受伤,尽管大多数眼外伤是轻微的,究竟该如何安全地清除眼中的刺激物?根据克里夫兰医学中心,眼科医生Peter McGannon,提供以下指引。
异物进入眼睛
McGannon博士说,「无论是沙粒,睫毛还是其他细小物体,本能可能是揉眼睛,但不要这样做。」因为揉眼睛很可能会擦伤角膜,比较建议的方法是,随眼泪刺激异物流出,或者用清水或无菌生理食盐水冲洗眼睛。如果疼痛持续存在,请寻求医师的帮助。
眼睛飞溅化学物质
当溅入眼睛时,工业化学品和某些家用清洁剂时,您可能需要睁开眼睛,先用清水或生理食盐水冲洗,并立即就医,以确保没有发生严重的损伤。McGannon博士说,如果你平常使用化学药品或者家用清洁产品时都应该戴上护目镜。
眼睛受到撞击
如果眼睛在比赛中受到其他外力撞击时,McGannon博士说,轻轻地将冰袋贴在眼睛上,注意不要施加任何压力,并保持头部直立,以减少肿胀的可能。
眼部被刺伤
如果眼部受到穿刺时,请勿试图冲洗或去除眼中的任何东西,并避免揉搓眼睛。McGannon博士说,「可以用坚硬的圆形物体覆盖眼睛,以保护眼睛免受到额外擦伤,用胶带黏贴好,并立即送至最近的急诊室进行检查。
眼睛或眼皮周围有切伤
McGannon博士说,除非眼睛周围的皮肤切伤非常小,否则这种损伤需立即就医。此时,请勿尝试洗眼睛,你可以做的是用干净的布或无菌绷带在贴在受伤的部位上,而且应避免使用蓬松的棉布材料,因为很可能会黏在该区域并引起疼痛感。
配戴护目镜 护眼不受伤
McGannon博士说,采取谨慎方式能够保护眼睛和安全,「针对特定活动能保护眼部,预防某些严重的眼睛外伤。」他建议可以在体育活动、除草、化学药品、家用清洁剂、装修工程等状况下时,配戴护目镜,给眼睛多一层保护。
参考数据:Don’t Rub It! First Aid Tips for 5 Eye Irritants + Injuries
Don’t Rub It! First Aid Tips for 5 Eye Irritants + Injuries
Find out what to treat yourself and when to get help
5/14/2021
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Even if you do your best to protect your eyes, accidents do happen. Then you wonder if it’s OK to rub it or whether you should rinse it — and whether to call for help.
Most eye injuries, like getting soap or a tiny foreign body in the eye, are minor. Others, such as those that occur in some work environments or during sports play, require prompt medical attention.
Five most common eye injuries and how to handle them
If you’re looking for the best way to treat an eye injury or how to remove an irritant or object stuck in your eye, these tips from ophthalmologist Peter McGannon, MD, are for you:
1. Foreign objects in the eye
“Whether it’s a grain of sand, eyelash, or other tiny object, your first instinct may be to rub your eye, but don’t do it,” says Dr. McGannon.
Rubbing the eye — or trying to remove an object with your finger — may end up abrading the cornea and creating a much more serious situation, he says.
Instead, allow your tears to flow in response to the irritation. If that doesn’t flush it out, rinse the eye with clean water or with sterile saline solution. If your eye continues to bother you, or the foreign body remains, contact your eye doctor or head to the nearest urgent care or ER if an your eye doctor is not available.
2. Chemicals in the eye
Industrial chemicals and some household cleaning solutions cause serious damage when splashed into the eye.
If you get a chemical solution in your eye, rinse it out with clean water or saline solution immediately and thoroughly, preferably for at least 15 minutes. You may need to hold the eye open to allow the water or saline solution to properly flush it out.
Immediately seek medical attention after flushing to make sure no serious harm occurred. “Any time you work with chemicals at a job, or even when you use strong household cleaning products, you should be wearing eye protection,” says Dr. McGannon.
3. A blow to the eye
People of all ages play sports and, at some point, may suffer a blow to the eye from a ball or some other object during a game.
“Gently hold a cold compress or ice pack against the eye, taking care not to put any pressure on it,” Dr. McGannon says. “Keep your head upright to reduce swelling.”
Visit your local urgent care center or eye doctor if pain persists or if the injury affects your vision.
4. A puncture wound to the eye
A puncture wound to the eye requires immediate attention in an urgent care or emergency room setting. Don’t attempt to flush out or remove anything stuck in the eye and avoid rubbing your eye and the area around it.
“Protect your eye from accidental pressure or rubbing by covering it with a firm, circular object such as a foam or paper coffee cup,” says Dr. McGannon.
Tape the protective cover over the eye, preferably with first aid tape. Have someone drive you immediately to the nearest emergency room for evaluation.
5. A cut to the eye or eyelid
Unless it’s a very minor cut in the skin around the eye, this injury typically requires immediate medical attention, Dr. McGannon says.
Do not attempt to wash a cut eye or eyelid. Instead, without adding pressure to the eyeball, apply a clean cloth or sterile bandage to the area. Avoid using fluffy cotton or similar materials around the eye because fibers could stick in the area and cause more pain and irritation.
Seek immediate evaluation at an urgent care or emergency center.
Take active steps every day to protect your eyes
Accidents sometimes occur despite our best preventive efforts. But take a mindful, deliberate approach to eye protection and safety and you may avoid the worst ones, Dr. McGannon says.
“Properly fitted, activity-specific eye protection can go a long way toward preventing some of the most serious trauma to the eyes,” he says.
Always wear eye protection when you:
- Play sports.
- Work with lawn equipment.
- Use household cleaners or chemicals.
- Work with heavy machinery.
- Do any construction or renovation work.
It’s also a good idea to keep specific supplies for treating eye injuries in your home first aid kit. Purchase these at your local pharmacy and you’ll be prepared to properly cope with most any future eye injuries.
Source: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/dont-rub-it-first-aid-tips-for-5-eye-irritants-injuries/
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