南极企鹅跋涉3千公里竟出现在新西兰海滩被误认玩具

世界新闻网

11/12/2021

BBC报导，新西兰海滩出现一只企鹅，距离原栖息地南极至少3000公里！

被发现的是阿德利企鹅（Adélie penguin），当地人暱称为Pingu，被发现时差点被误认为绒毛玩具。这是新西兰第三起阿德利企鹅发现事件。

发现企鹅者表示，Pingu站在原地约一小时，动也不动，看起来很疲惫。

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‘Super rare’: Antarctic penguin washes up in New Zealand, 3,000km from home

Expert say the bird’s presence is a reminder of the threats penguins face due to warming waters and changing habitats

By Tess McClure

11/12/2021

An Adélie penguin – native to Antarctica – has been found 3,000km from home on a New Zealand beach. Photograph: Allanah Purdie/Department of Conservation

An Antarctic penguin has traversed 3,000km of icy waters to find himself far from home and on new and puzzling shores: the south-eastern coastline of New Zealand.

The Adélie penguin in question, affectionately named “Pingu” by locals, was spotted looking somewhat lost at Birdlings Flat, a small settlement on New Zealand’s South Island.

It’s only the third recorded instance of a live Adélie penguin – a species that makes its home on the Antarctic peninsula – making it to New Zealand. Its arrival is a reminder of the threats the birds face from warming waters, increased competition over food supplies, and changed habitats.

After observing that the penguin was not getting in the water and could be vulnerable to dogs, locals called Thomas Stracke of Christchurch Penguin Rehabilitation.

Stracke said when he arrived with a vet, he was shocked to find an Adélie penguin. “Apart from being a bit starving and severely dehydrated, he was actually not too bad, so we gave him some fluids and some fish smoothie,” Stracke said. The penguin was released into a bay on the banks peninsula, where his helpers hope he may be able to make the journey home.

“I would have preferred to get him on the Hercules [air force plane] that drops staff at Scott Base,” Stracke said, but he was told by the Department of Conservation that the idea was not feasible. “They had a meeting with the other big penguin guns and they said no.”

Stracke said warming waters meant the birds were struggling to find food supply.

“When the waters warm up because the fish usually go into deeper cold waters. And so there’s no fish around,” he said.

New Zealand’s populations of yellow-eyed penguins were also struggling as they competed with fishing businesses for food and the rehabilitation centre was seeing increasing numbers of malnourished or starving penguins come in, he said, calling the situation a “nightmare”.

The Adélie penguin’s arrival in New Zealand could be a worrying sign that the population is struggling with warming waters. Photograph: Allanah Purdie/Department of Conservation

Otago University zoology professor Philip Seddon said Pingu’s appearance was “super rare,” and that it could have been a younger bird that strayed too far and got caught in a current that carried him into New Zealand waters.

Seddon said that while Adélie penguin populations looked to be stable at the moment – increasing in some areas and decreasing elsewhere – there were plenty of possible threats in their future, and changes in penguin behaviour could be an early warning sign that the marine ecosystem was in crisis.

“All species of penguin are like marine sentinels … when they’re doing badly, they’re giving us an early signal – canaries in coalmines – an early signal that things are not good,” he said.

Seddon said while one arrival did not make a trend, “I think if we started getting annual arrivals of Adélie penguins, we’d go actually, something’s changed in the ocean that we need to understand.”

“More studies will give us more understanding where penguins go, what they do, what the population trends are like – they’re going to tell us something about the health of that marine ecosystem in general.”

Global heating is affecting Antarctic penguin habitats in uneven and sometimes unpredictable ways: in some areas, sea ice is expanding, but in other crucial areas it’s decreasing. That can have a mixed effect on penguin populations: some loss of sea ice can actually help Adélies, allowing more viable breeding space.

But too much warming can also disrupt those habitats, or the food supplies penguins rely on: according to Nasa, in the areas of Antarctica that are experiencing warming, Adélie populations are either declining or expected to drop off in the next 40 years – and as sea ice decreases it can prompt changes in the migration patterns of the Ross Sea penguins.

At times, those changes have led to disaster: in 2017, a colony of 40,000 Adélie penguins suffered a “catastrophic breeding event” – where all but two chicks died of starvation. It was the second mass death in just four years, marking a cluster of breeding disasters not previously seen in more than 50 years of observation.

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从头到尾浑身伤疤摄影师拍到「最硬汉」大白鲨

中央社

11/09/2021

水下摄影师在澳洲南部的内普丘恩岛拍到一只浑身伤疤的大白鲨。（撷自Sea Dragon Films YouTube频道）

水下摄影师在澳洲南部的内普丘恩岛（Neptune Islands）拍到一只浑身伤疤的大白鲨，画面显示鲨鱼从头到尾满是又长又深的伤痕与咬痕，堪称世界「最硬汉」鲨鱼。

英国「每日镜报」（Daily Mirror）报导，内普丘恩岛据信有多达1000只大白鲨，有人称其为大白鲨之乡。

水下摄影师史普拉曼（Dean Spraakman）是今年1月在当地探险时拍到这只大白鲨。他形容这只长3.4公尺的鲨鱼「颇友善」，但全队的人都无法确定牠身上这么多伤疤是怎么形成。

史普拉曼等人表示，他们以前从没看过身上这么多伤疤的鲨鱼，一开始以为是被船只的螺旋桨推进器所伤，或是捕捉鲔鱼用的网。

史普拉曼说：「没人见过鲨鱼能伤成这样，原因只能靠猜测，坦白讲应该也没人能真正知道让这只鲨鱼满身伤疤的原因，我觉得这家伙先前应该过得满硬的。」

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Jan 30, 2021

「我虽一开始就看到牠身上有伤疤，但直到后来重看影像，我才惊觉伤疤的长度与深度。牠非常冷静，很好奇地接近我，这很棒。」史普拉曼说当时鲨鱼和他之间的距离仅约1个手臂长。

国家地理频道探险家巴帕斯塔马裘（Yannis Papastamatiou）教授则推测，这些伤疤应是与别的鲨鱼打斗而来。

世界自然基金会（WWF）指出，大白鲨是已知的世界最大掠食性鱼类，尽管有多达300颗牙齿，但牠们进食时不咀嚼，都是撕咬后直接吞下肚。小至比目鱼、大至海豹、海豚等都是大白鲨的食物，有些能长到6.1公尺，在主要大洋的冷水区能看到牠们的踪迹。

由于人类为取得鱼翅和牙齿而长年捕猎，加上不时成为竞技捕鱼的战利品，大白鲨近年已被视为濒危物种。

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世界上游速最快的鱼，竟然连潜艇都可以刺穿，它是怎么做到的？

10/31/2021

世界上游速最快的鱼？尖刺破潜艇，敢硬钢人类，鲨鱼都不是其对手!
Oct 22, 2021

你知道水中游的最快的动物是什么吗？没错，它就是旗鱼。

这种动物性格凶猛，它们尖锐的脑袋，再搭配上惊人的速度，在海洋中就犹如一颗全速前进的子弹，也正因如此，许多动物都对它们避之不及，即使是鲨鱼在面对疾驰的旗鱼时，也要退避三舍，毕竟这个家伙，就连人类的潜水艇，也能轻易刺穿，其威力可见一斑！真正应正了古龙先生曾在小说中说过的“天下武功，唯快不破”！

1967年美国一艘名为“艾文号”的潜艇，在深海中进行秘密深潜活动时，突然间潜艇受到了猛烈的冲击，由于当时国际环境较为紧张，潜水艇中的成员一度以为受到了敌方鱼雷的袭击，直到潜水艇稳定并且浮出水面后，人们才发现是一条旗鱼攻击了潜水艇，人们发现这只旗鱼的整个上颌都刺入了潜水艇的外壳中，并且直直地“钉”在潜艇上，后来这只旗鱼被人们成功拿下，成为了船员的美味晚餐。

那么旗鱼到底是如何做到可以游这么快呢？它们又为何敢与人类硬刚？

旗鱼又名剑鱼，由于它们具有长而尖的上颌骨以及超过体高的第一背鳍，因此它们远远看过去就像一面旗帜，故而以此得名。它们的身体呈现流线型，全身布满细鳞，这可以有效减少它们游泳时的阻力，此外它们的肌肉也十分发达，强有力的尾鳍可以在游泳时迅速摆动，使得它们全速前进，因此旗鱼一跃成为海底游速最快的鱼类，平均时速为96公里每小时，

可是一旦感受到危险，便会瞬间化身“狂战士”，最快时甚至会以高达190公里每小时的速度撞向敌人。如此强大的冲击力，简直让人不寒而栗。

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因此对于经常在海洋中活动的人们还说，旗鱼的危险性甚至超过了鲨鱼，历史上也有许多人类被旗鱼攻击导致受伤甚至丧命的事例。

然而就是这样勇猛的动物，却是海洋中“反差萌”最大的动物。这是由于幼年的旗鱼，体型都非常渺小，体长仅5㎜左右，就像一只小虾米，而且此时的小旗鱼，也没有生长出象征它们王者风范的背鳍以及长吻，只有两只非常引人注目的呆萌大眼睛，看起来非常可爱！因此幼年的旗鱼，几乎是海洋中任何鱼类的食物，这种躲避其它鱼类追杀的生活，绝对是每一只成年旗鱼的“黑暗童年”。

除此之外，刚出生的小旗鱼胃口也是出奇的好，它们无时无刻不在进食，而它们大量进食快速长大，不仅是为了具有挑战其它鱼类的资本，更是为了不沦为兄弟姐妹的“口粮”。由于海洋中浮游生物的数量总是有限的，小旗鱼为了生存下去，便养成同类相残的习惯，体型大的旗鱼会以体型相对较小的旗鱼为食，因此它们每天都在努力“干饭”，仅需一周它们便会得到蜕变，体长达到10CM左右。

皇天不负有心人，每一个努力“干饭”的旗鱼，都会迎来“草根逆袭成王”的这一天。数年后，一只成年旗鱼体型竟然可以暴增到幼年时的上万倍，体长达到惊人的2到5米左右，体重也超过了200公斤。也许正是因为遭受了“悲惨的童年生活”，因此成年后的旗鱼性格都非常暴躁，此刻它们依靠庞大的体型、尖锐的上颚以及超高的游速，一跃成为海洋霸主，

经常在海洋中横行霸道，暴揍其它鱼类一雪前耻。

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