燃烧沙漠50年 土库曼斯坦打算关上知名地标「地狱之门」
世界新闻网
01/08/2022
中亚国家土库曼斯坦总统别迪穆罕默多夫7日指示政府找出方法，把卡拉库姆沙漠燃烧50年、俗称「地狱之门」的天然气坑火势扑灭。
Jun 5, 2019
From 1971, A 9 metre wide and 30-metre deep crater has been burning in Darvaza village at Karakum desert of Turkmenistan. Soviet scientists had set up a drilling rig here for extraction of natural gas but the rig collapsed and methane gas is being released from the crater ever since. The scientist tried to stop the methane gas from dissolving into the air by putting it on fire, science then cater has been burning. The burning crater is also called Door to Hell.
这个直径60公尺的天然气坑距离首都阿什哈巴德270公里，正式名称为「卡拉库姆之光」，当地人称为「地狱之门」。
这里本来是一片天然气田，其地面于1971年崩塌，形成天然气坑。地质学家为避免毒气扩散而将气坑点火，原本预期很快烧尽，却出乎意料烧到现在。
Dec 23, 2019
We captured so much incredible footage on our last trip to Turkmenistan, I thought I’d make a little 4K DJI Drone montage video of the door to hell. The gates of hell. Darvaza Gas Crater. Derweze. Call it what you want.
Turkmenistan is built on natural gas. I mean this literally and figuratively. In the vast arid Karakum desert lies the 4th largest natural gas deposit in the world.
The Darvaza Crater was a mining disaster. So they think. No one really knows, as I don’t believe there were any survivors. In 1971 a soviet mining operation punctured the eggshell surface and fell into a pit. Years later, someone lit a match, and Bang! Welcome to the door to hell.
This is the main attraction in Turkmenistan, and our plan was to roast marshmallows over it. If you missed that travel vlog, you’ll want to check it out: https://youtu.be/MhkLTUvBlX8
As the president has opened up the country slightly over the years, it is now possible to visit. I’d recommend getting there in 2020. There are still very very few tourists here.
「地狱之门」是土库曼斯坦知名地标，不过游客不如预期多，每年外国游客不到1万人，这可能是别迪穆罕默多夫考虑关闭的重要因素。
Nov 26, 2013
In this episode of SciShow, Hank talks about a crater in Turkmenistan that has been on fire for decades and has earned itself the title of: The Door to Hell!
别迪穆罕默多夫7日与内阁开视频会议时说，让这个景点继续开放，会使国家重要天然资源流失，天然气应该外销，所得用来改善民生。他还说，燃烧的天然气对人民与环境都有害。
印尼塞梅鲁火山喷发 至少1死41伤数千居民逃离
中央社
12/04/2021
印尼东爪哇省（East Java）塞梅鲁火山（Mount Semeru）暌违近1年于4日下午再度喷发，造成至少1人死亡和41人严重灼伤，附近数千名民众被迫紧急逃离。
当局表示，有2人据报失踪，另有8人受困在一栋建筑物内。在家园被火山灰和熔岩摧毁后，东瓜哇省卢马姜县（Lumajang）的Curah Kerobokan村遭重创，超过300户家庭在临时收容所避难。
Dec 4, 2021
Mount Semeru in Lumajang Regency, East Java erupted, on Saturday, December 4,at around 3.00pm local time. The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center has issued a warning after a volcanic ash plume rose up to an estimated 40000ft, raining down on the residents below.
地方当局表示，由于冷熔岩和火山灰抵达居住社区，其他邻近村庄居民仓皇逃离。
救难人员历经一小时搜索后，在Curah Kerobokan村找到一具遗体。
卢马姜县副县长马斯达尔（Indah Masdar）表示，有41人遭炽热岩浆严重灼伤，有两名伤者是怀孕妇女。她又说，由于冷熔岩流摧毁一座桥梁，卢马姜县的联外交通中断。
印尼国家灾害应变总署表示，它已派遣一支救援团队前往协助临时避难所的灾民，但火山灰形成的浓厚碎屑阻止他们抵达目的地。
印尼气象气候暨地球物理局（BMKG）公布的影片显示，海拔3676公尺的塞梅鲁火山于当地时间4日下午3时喷发后，包括数十名小孩在内的居民慌张逃难。喷烟直窜至1万2000公尺高空，熔岩往下流至距火山口500公尺以外远处。
西班牙火山还在喷 岩浆迅速吞噬街道画面曝光(视频)
文章来源: LTN
12/01/2021
西班牙加那利群岛拉帕尔马岛（La Palma）老峰火山（Cumbre Vieja）9月喷发以来一直处于活跃状态。（美联社）
熔岩也已摧毁超过1200栋民宅和其他300栋建筑物；岛上约8万居民之中，超过6000人无家可归。 路透社
西班牙加那利群岛拉帕尔马岛（La Palma）老峰火山（Cumbre Vieja）9月喷发以来一直处于活跃状态，滚烫的岩浆持续蔓延至市区，吞没无数房舍与道路，当地最新照片出炉，只见岩浆铺天盖地而来，所到之处无不化为废墟。
Sep 20, 2021
Around 100 homes have been destroyed on the Spanish Canary Island of La Palma after the Cumbre Vieja volcano spectacularly erupted on Sunday, sending rivers of lava down the hillside toward the Atlantic Ocean.
根据《CNN》报导，老峰火山岩浆持续蔓延至低海拔地区，现以每秒1公尺的速度吞噬土地，在爆发之初已完成撤离的村庄残馀建筑物接连被淹没，消失在滚滚而来的岩泥与灰烟中。
按当局最新发布的资讯，熔岩自火山处涌上地表，因重力作用流淌而下，目前已于该岛西海岸的两处分别注入大西洋，并形成新的海岸线。
据统计，自火山爆发以来，岩浆已陆续摧毁超过1200间房舍与300多座建筑，更吞没了作为岛上经济命脉的农田，岛上总人口8万人中约有6000多名灾民流离失所，未来命运仍不可知。
Spare NO land #CumbreVieja: New #lava flow engulfs #LasManchas cemetery in #LaPalma#volcano#eruption#LasManchasCemetery
Thu Nov 25 2021
西班牙火山熔岩摧毁320栋建筑
文 / 廖慧婷
9/22/2021
（早报讯）欧洲的火山观测所周三（9月22日）表示，西班牙拉帕尔马岛一座火山喷发的熔岩，摧毁了320栋建筑物和超过154公顷的土地。
法新社报道，西班牙拉帕尔马岛一座火山星期天（19日）喷发，熔岩喷向数百公尺高空，至今约有6000人被迫逃离家园。
这座火山位于人烟稀少的卡贝萨德瓦卡地区一处树木繁茂的山坡。炽热的橘红色熔岩流侵入树林与农田，到达地势较低的地面后逐渐散开来。
专家指，若岩浆按照目前的速度流向海岸，很可能将在今天或周四抵达海岸，并警告可能出现爆炸效应。
加那利群岛火山学研究所（Involcan）相信，该座火山喷发的时间可持续“24天至84天”。
拉帕尔马岛是加那利群岛最活跃的火山区之一，过去一星期活动十分频繁。这座火山最近一次大规模喷发是在1971年，当时有一名男子在熔岩流旁拍照时意外死亡。
Volcano lava destroys 320 buildings on Spanish island
By Los Llanos de Aridane (Spain) (AFP)
9/22/2021
The vast wall of molten lava creeping down the slopes of Spain’s La Palma island has destroyed 320 buildings and over 154 hectares of land, Europe’s volcano observatory said Wednesday.
The property damage figure was twice that given 24 hours ago by Copernicus, which uses sky radar imagery to monitor the extent of lava coverage and posted the update on Twitter.
The Cumbre Vieja volcano, which erupted on Sunday, straddles a ridge in the south of La Palma, one of seven islands that make up the Canary Islands, Spain’s Atlantic archipelago which lies off the coast of Morocco.
Experts are expecting the scale of damages to rise in the coming hours as the slow-moving but unstoppable mass of white-hot rock, slides towards the island’s western coast.
“In the last few hours it has slowed down a lot, it is now moving at 300 metres (984 feet) an hour, maybe less, because it is reaching a very flat area but it is gaining height,” David Calvo, an expert with the Involcan volcanology institute, told AFPTV.
“There are areas where it is already 15 metres thick.”
If the lava — which has a temperature of 1,100 degrees Celsius (2,012 degrees Fahrenheit) — continues to move at the same pace, it will reach the sea later on Wednesday or possibly Thursday, he said, warning it would have an explosive effect.
“There will be a huge battle between the water and the lava. With those contrasting temperatures, it causes massive explosions and a fragmentation of the lava which shoots out like missiles.”
The eruption on this island of some 85,000 people, the first in 50 years, has forced some 6,000 people out of their homes, but so far nobody has been injured.
Involcan believes the eruption of La Cumbre Vieja could last “between 24 and 84 days”.
“Dealing with this crisis won’t end when the lava reaches the sea,” Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez said on Tuesday.
“It will end when we’ve managed to rebuild everything the volcano has destroyed and will destroy.”
