中国将减少非医学需要人工流产
9/26/2021
中国国务院宣布，将减少非医学需要的人工流产，并规范不孕不育症诊疗服务，以及人类辅助生殖技术应用。
国务院今天（27日）在官网上发布纲要通知，宣布提高妇女生殖健康水平，推进婚前医学检查、孕前优生健康检查、增补叶酸等婚前孕前保健服务更加公平可及。
中国也将增强男女两性性道德、性健康、性安全意识，倡导共担避孕责任；将生殖健康服务融入妇女健康管理全过程，保障妇女享有避孕节育知情自主选择权；落实基本避孕服务项目，加强产后和流产后避孕节育服务，提高服务可及性，预防非意愿妊娠。
由于中国人口增长大幅放缓，中共中央政治局于5月31日决定放松二孩政策。中国国务院上月20日公布有关《中共中央国务院关于优化生育政策促进人口长期均衡发展的决定》提出降低生育成本的措施，包括取消社会抚养费，清理和废止相关处罚规定，将入户、入学、入职等与个人生育情况全面脱钩等。
中国人大常委会会议8月通过关于修改人口与计划生育法的决定，提倡适龄婚育、优生优育，一对夫妻可生育三个子女，标志着“三孩”生育政策正式入法。
中国修改人口计生法保障实施三孩政策
8/19/2021
中国修改人口计生法，保障实施三孩生育政策，以及配套支持措施。
据中国央视新闻报道，全国人大常委会今早（20日）在会议上表决通过了关于修改人口与计划生育法的决定，规定中国提倡适龄婚育、优生优育，一对夫妻可以生育三个子女。
修改后的人口计生法也规定中国采取财政、税收、保险、教育、住房、就业等支持措施，减轻家庭生育、养育、教育负担。
中共政治局5月在会议上提出，进一步优化生育政策，实施一对夫妻可以生育三个子女政策及配套支持措施，有利于改善中国人口结构、落实积极应对人口老龄化国家战略、保持中国人力资源禀赋优势。
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中国官方之后公布关于优化生育政策促进人口长期均衡发展的决定，实施三孩生育政策的一系列配套支持措施，包括取消社会抚养费，落实产假哺乳假。
不过，外界质疑更多中国民众会愿意生育第三胎。不少中国网民认为，养育成本等原因阻碍了生育三孩的意愿。
中国经济学家任泽平认为，在1975年至1985年出生的中国民众，才是生育第二或第三胎的主力军，并称不能指望1990年后或2000年后出生的年轻一代。
中国拟修法确认三孩政策及配套措施
8/17/2021
中国人口与计划生育法修正草案17日提请十三届全国人大常委会审议。草案明确，中国实施一对夫妻可以生育三个子女政策，并将相关配套措施写入其中。
据中新社报道，中国现行人口与计划生育法于2002年施行，2015年实施全面两孩政策时进行了相应修改。此次人口与计划生育法修正草案主要有三部分内容。
一是优化生育政策。草案规定，采取综合措施，推动实现适度生育水平，优化人口结构，促进人口长期均衡发展；提倡适龄婚育、优生优育，实施一对夫妻可以生育三个子女政策；取消社会抚养费，删除相关处分规定，删除与三孩生育政策不适应的规定。
二是完善积极生育支持措施。具体包括五方面内容：采取支持措施，减轻家庭生育、养育、教育负担。要求医疗卫生机构开展围孕期、孕产期保健服务，加强对家庭婴幼儿照护的支持和指导。推动建立普惠托育服务体系，提高婴幼儿家庭获得服务的可及性和公平性，规范托育服务。支持有条件的地方探索设立父母育儿假。在居住社区建设婴幼儿活动场所及配套服务设施，在公共场所、工作场所按规定配置母婴设施。
草案明确，有关税收、住房、教育等方面的支持措施，在相关领域法律法规或政策中予以研究规定。
三是保障计划生育家庭的合法权益。草案对全面两孩政策实施前的计划生育家庭，在现行法律规定的奖励扶助措施基础上，进一步完善相关规定：在老年人福利、养老服务等方面给予必要的优先和照顾；独生子女发生意外伤残、死亡的，给予全方位帮扶保障。
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: TUESDAY, DECEMBER 15, 2020
Census Bureau Releases 2020 Demographic Analysis Estimates
DECEMBER 15, 2020
RELEASE NUMBER CB20-CN.133
Figures Estimate the Size of the Nation’s Population Independent of the 2020 Census
DEC. 15, 2020 — The U.S. Census Bureau today released its 2020 Demographic Analysis, which provides a range of estimates — low, middle and high — for the nation’s population as of April 1, 2020. Instead of collecting responses from households like the 2020 Census, Demographic Analysis uses current and historical vital statistics records and other data to estimate the size of the U.S. population. By releasing these estimates ahead of the first results from the 2020 Census, Demographic Analysis offers an independent measure of the population for comparison with the official census counts.
Based on varying assumptions about the population, Demographic Analysis produced three different estimates for the size of the U.S. population on April 1, 2020:
“The Census Bureau goes to great lengths to ensure the quality of our work,” said Dr. Ron Jarmin, Census Bureau deputy director and chief operating officer. “Demographic Analysis is a valuable resource to help us analyze the completeness of the 2020 Census population count.”
Demographic Analysis estimates are developed using birth and death records, data on international migration, and Medicare records. The range accounts for the levels of uncertainty in the input data and methods used to produce the estimates.
For example, birth and death estimates are regarded as relatively precise since they’re based on the National Vital Statistics System which is very accurate and complete. However, there is greater uncertainty in the estimates of international migration because administrative records are not availableto produce those estimates. Instead, we use data from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey and other sources to estimate international migration.
“Demographic Analysis enables us to utilize already existing data, such as current and historical administrative records and survey data, to estimate the size of the population,” said Dr. Eric Jensen, senior technical expert for Demographic Analysis in the Population Division. “We have done Demographic Analysis since the 1960 Census, and over time our estimates have benefited not only from methodological improvements, but improvements to the available administrative records.”
The final 2020 Census results will be compared against the 2020 Demographic Analysis estimates to produce estimates of potential net coverage error by age, sex, broad race and Hispanic origin groups. A report detailing the 2020 Demographic Analysis estimates of net overcounts and undercounts is planned for release in 2021.
Additionally, in 2021 and 2022, we plan to produce new, experimental sets of estimates, including:
- Estimates for the Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations by sex for ages 0 to 39 (expanded from ages 0 to 29 released today) in 2021.
- Estimates for young children (ages 0 to 4) will be available for the first time at the state and county levels in 2022. These estimates will incorporate current birth records, which are not yet available from local jurisdictions.
- Estimates for the population ages 0 to 17 for White, Black or African American, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and Two or More Races, and by Hispanic origin in 2022. These estimates incorporate race detail available in both birth and death records since 2003.
The Demographic Analysis estimates are one of two methods used to measure coverage in a census and help us understand what population groups may have been undercounted or overcounted. The other method is part of the Coverage Measurement Program and uses information from the Post-Enumeration Survey, an independent Census Bureau survey, to estimate how many people and housing units were missed or counted erroneously in the 2020 Census. Coverage estimates from the Post-Enumeration Survey are scheduled to be available in November 2021.
The Census Bureau is working hard to process 2020 Census data in order to deliver complete and accurate state population counts as close to the December 31, 2020, statutory deadline as possible.
Demographic Analysis Highlights
In addition to the estimates of the total population for the nation, 2020 Demographic Analysis also provides national-level estimates of the U.S. population by age, sex, broad race and Hispanic origin groups.
Specifically, estimates are available for the number of people who are:
- Black alone/non-Black alone by sex for ages 0 to 85 and above.
- Black alone or in combination/non-Black alone or in combination by sex for ages 0 to 85 and above (expanded from 0 to 29 in the 2010 Demographic Analysis).
- Hispanic/non-Hispanic by sex for ages 0 to 29 (expanded from 0 to 19 in 2010).
These estimates can only be produced in limited race detail because they rely on historical records and measures of race that have changed over time.
Other highlights from today’s release include, in order of low, middle and high estimates:
- The median age of the U.S. population was estimated to be 38.4, 38.5 and 38.7, respectively.
- The percentage of the U.S. population estimated to be Black alone was 13.5, 13.7 and 13.9, respectively.
- The percentage of the population estimated to be Black alone or in combination with other races was 14.9, 15.1 and 15.4, respectively.
- The sex ratio (number of males per 100 females) for the total population was 98.1 in the low and high series and 98.2 in the middle series. The sex ratio for the population under the age of 30 was 104.2 in the low series and 104.3 in the middle and high series.
- For the population under the age of 30, the percentage estimated to be Hispanic was 23.0, 24.6 and 26.0, respectively. Demographic Analysis estimates of the population by Hispanic origin are not produced for all ages because the Hispanic origin option was not widely available on birth and death records until the 1990s.
Demographic Analysis only estimates the national population for these demographic categories, so its estimates cannot be compared to more detailed 2020 Census data that will show the population in states, cities, counties, census tracts and at the block level.
The complete tables can be found on the 2020 Demographic Analysis home page.
Source: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/2020-demographic-analysis-estimates.html