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满足你的中国胃
米糠腌菜 (下)
8/05/2021
米糠床的保养该注意什么呢?米糠床经过多次腌渍后,会慢慢变湿不利乳酸菌生长,得「养床」除去多余的水分,以及适度的调整盐分及增添「床」的风味。如长时间不腌渍,适当的保存可延续米糠床的「生命」。
养床
加入炒过的米糠,直接降低含水量。也可用黄豆,在水洗后小火翻炒,直到表面的皱纹消失,拌入米糠床,用来吸去水分。
尝一下米糠床的味道,不够咸或腌出的酱菜不咸,再加适量的盐水调整。可添加副食材,陈皮、昆布、香菇、蜜枣,干燥的柚子皮、苹果皮等干货,可增加米糠床的香气及独特风味,也可吸去多余的水分。
救床
没有妥善照顾的米糠床,滋生杂菌出现臭袜子味。先去除大半的米糠床,再混入等量或更多的米糠床基本材料(米糠:水:盐=10:8:1.3),混合拌均,添加蔬菜、副食材等续养,比重养新的米糠床快。
扩床
腌渍后米糠床量减少了,或要增量「分床」来腌渍荤食(鱼、肉)。加入米糠床的基本材料(米糠:水:盐=10:8:1.3)扩增,太咸可减少盐的比例。
保存
如果短时间不用,放冰箱冷藏让真菌「休眠」。长时间不用则放冷冻,可放半年左右。不放冰箱也可以,扑上一层盐,完全覆盖米糠床表面,放置在阴凉处保存,没有冰箱就是如此保存。待要使用时,刮除表面的盐及表层的米糠床。如果还是太咸,可以直接加入米糠及水,降低盐分。
腌渍蔬菜
食材:白萝卜、小松菜、茄子、小黄瓜、红椒、黄椒、娃娃菜。
作法:
1.顺向直切茄子、小黄瓜削去部分外皮,方便入味及美观,再切段。
2.小松菜撒上1~2%的盐,腌几分钟后拧去多余的水分。
3.萝卜切条状,娃娃菜剖半、红椒、黄椒剖开四分切,或切成八份。
4.将备妥的蔬菜,分散完全「埋入」米糠床。压实,并刮除容器壁上的米糠。
5.静置阴凉处,约8~12小时,即可。
6.「挖」出腌渍的蔬菜,切小块或小片食用。
TIPS
1.有些蔬菜水分较多,或有青涩味,腌渍前用盐杀青、脱水降低水分。也可汆烫减少青涩味,避免腌渍出的酱菜带有苦涩味。
2.腌渍时间过长(24小时以上)会过咸、比较酸。太咸可以泡水,减少盐分再食用,也可切成丝或切成末,当成做菜时的调味品。
腌渍荤食
食材:鱼肉片、猪肉片。
作法:
1.鱼、肉抹上些许的盐,静置10~20分后,用纸巾吸去多余的水分。
2.完全「埋入」米糠床。压实,并刮净残留容器壁上的米糠。(另备米糠床,不要与腌渍蔬菜共用。)
3.约一天或更长时间,即可「挖」出腌渍的鱼、肉类。
4.腌渍好的鱼、肉,要再经适当烹调(煎、煮)后再食用。
真菌小知识
米糠床上有着各种真菌,主要有三种「乳酸菌」、「产膜酵母」和「酪酸菌」。
厌氧的乳酸菌是制造米糠渍独特风味的主要菌群;常存在表面的产膜酵母是好氧菌,会在表面产生白色的薄膜;而在底层的酪酸菌也是厌氧菌,有「臭袜子味」就是它长得太好。每天翻动米糠床,就是在抑制好氧的产膜酵母和厌氧的酪酸菌生长,让乳酸菌在优势的环境大量生长,成为主要的菌群。
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更多美食制作方法,请参考
www.macaronmagic.com
A virtual tour of my new book Croissant Dozens. In this book, you will find the secrets for making more than forty mouthwatering croissant dough creations, from the classic pain au chocolat, chausson aux pommes, and kouign-amann to the irresistible snails, from danish-retro reinventions of pinwheels, pockets, turnovers, swirls, and twists to modern-chic creations of mont-blanc, whiskey tarts, apricot hearts, and rose loaves. Finally, whimsical animal-inspired treats will please both the eye and the palate! Croissant Dozens opens new doors for discovering the tantalizing world of croissant pastries. Recipes are accompanied by step-by-step photographs to demonstrate procedures, dimensional diagrams to offer quick references, and photographs of finished works to provide inspiration. So, without further ado, let’s laminate!
About the Author
A former NASA research engineer, Jialin Tian developed a passion for making pastries while she was working on her doctoral dissertation in satellite instrumentation. Since then, the art of pastry making has brought her endless enjoyment. Classically trained, Jialin studied pastry and chocolate art at the prestigious French Pastry School in Chicago. She holds Certified Specialist of Spirits (CSS) and Certified Specialist of Wine (CSW) diplomas from the Society of Wine Educators. She is the author of eight cookbooks and the creative director and publisher at Jayca. Jialin received her PhD in electrical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2004. She lives in the greater DC metro area.