调高基本工资全美21州及35城市明年1月1日实施

世界新闻网

12/20/2021

从2009年以来，联邦最低薪资一直维持在每小时7.25元，图为纽约一名律师举T恤抗议。(Getty Images)

在2022年里即将调高基本工资的州及城市，数目之高将超越往年，时间点正是速食业劳工串连大罢工争取时薪15元的10年之后。劳工维权团体「全国就业法计划」(National Employment Law Project，NELP)统计显示，从元旦开始21州及35城市最低工资都将调高，其中加州、纽约2州与31个城市或郡县，基本时薪将达到至少15元。

「全国就业法计划」指出，原本最低工资已达15元时薪的27个城市，未来几周将进一步调高待遇，加州山景市(Mountain View)、桑尼维尔(Sunnyvale)都将调至时薪17元，西雅图最低工资则调高至17.27元。

速食业劳工10年前串连罢工所争取的时薪15元待遇，2022年将变得普遍。以加州为例，服务于大型企业的时薪制劳工，1月1日起最低工资将达到15元。纽约市最低工资原本就达时薪15元，全州速食业者时薪也有15元，长岛(Long Island)及威彻斯特郡(Westchester County)也从12月31日起跟进。

从2009年以来，联邦最低薪资一直维持在每小时7.25元，创下1938年最低工资制度上路以来，最长期间未曾调涨的纪录。

从元旦起生效的这波最低工资调涨当中，华盛顿州最低时薪将从13.5元调高至14.49元，麻州最低时薪调至14.25元，亚利桑纳州最低时薪调高至12.8元。

新泽西州大多数劳工也将从12元时薪调至13元，新墨西哥州最低时薪调高至11.5元，伊利诺州从11元时薪调至12元，德拉瓦州从9.25元时薪调至10.5元。

「全国就业法计划」指出，未来4年间，包括康乃狄克州、德拉瓦州、佛罗里达州、伊利诺州、马里兰州、麻州、新泽西州、罗德岛州、维吉尼亚州在内等9州，最低工资将纷纷调至时薪15元。根据估计，到了2026年时，全美劳动人口约有40%将有至少15元的时薪工资标准。

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初创公司有不同型态各有利弊省税各有方法

世界新闻网

12/19/2021

会计师罗斌（Annie Luo）在18日的「企业创业省税大解析」中详细分析了在美国初创公司的形态以及利弊，为华人创业者量身定做创办企业指点迷津。

罗斌表示，在美国做生意，最主要的几种的初创公司形态，包括个体户、合伙人公司和有限责任公司等等。个体户和合作人公司的好处是操作简单，费用便宜，缺点是在保护股东和个人财产方面比较不利，如果经营不善，老板要对其债务付全部责任，导致危及个人财产；有限责任则将税务责任和个人财产分开，可以最大限度保护个人财产，这种形态适合较为大型的公司，比如超过100人的公司。这种公司形态比较适合融资和利于后期上市。

她表示，初创公司使用C型形态，需向州政府申报成立，同时每年要向政府更新信息，缴纳一点费用，同时需要交公司税。目前联邦公司税是20%左右，加州公司税为8.84%，最低每年需缴800元，如果有分红，股东必须要交分红部分资金所得税是0至20%，即双重付税。

LLC有限责任公司，同样是有限责任，需要向州政府注册并每两年缴纳一定的费用，LLC正常情况下是采取合伙人的方式来计报税，其盈利部分需要缴纳社安税，每年也要向加州政府申报最低800元的税收，如果营业超过25万，要交900至1万元的税费。

S型的公司则可较好的保护有限责任，同时兼具税务上的优惠，有限责任是保护股东，将股东的个人财产和公司经营完全分开，税法上则不需要缴纳公司税，它所有的盈利会进到个人税表上，缴纳个人所得税，但国税局要求公司给股东发一个合理的工资，这一部分需缴纳社安税，其他部分并不需要交社安税，这对于企业主来说是一个很好的省税方式。

此外，S型公司还可以享受到川普税法中，最高20%的税率优惠。

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经中间人兑换本票华人被跳票逾50万元

世界新闻网

12/14/2021

华人购房通过中间人兑换本票被跳票，总损失超50万元，无奈求助华人社团。(记者张晨/摄影)

布碌仑(布鲁克林)近日有数名华人因买房或其他之需而通过中间人兑换银行本票(Cashier’s Check)，不料却遭遇跳票，其中仅通过同一个中间人兑换的银行本票就有51万元被跳票。

数名受害者日前到美国亚裔社团联合总会求助，据陈氏夫妇讲述，因要购置房产，所有通过朋友介绍认识了以现金兑换银行本票的中间人张某，在将5万元现金交给对方后，于11月24日拿到本票，但因第二天是感恩节，他们在26日才前往银行，但不料再查帐户时发现跳票。

受害者石先生表示，他也是通过中间人张先生兑换了近2万元本票，然后在感恩节前后通过银行的ATM机存入，随后也遭跳票。

中间人张先生也场，他表示，自己至多从中赚取一个百分点，此次他是通过一名居住在新泽西州李堡(Fort Lee)的一华裔男子去当地银行兑换的本票。

张先生说，为保险起见，他还专门安排了一名司机带着45万元现金亲至李堡的银行，当面看着那名华裔男子将钱兑成本票并清点清楚后，才带着本票回到布碌仑。

据张先生称，在跳票后的第二天他即请律师前往银行查问，被告知那名男子随后又持身分证件回到银行要求撤销本票，导致这些本票跳票。

律师斯科拉里(Lisa Scolari)对此表示，受害者被骗后应第一时间向警方报案，另外因这些本票是跨州兑换，该案已涉及违反联邦法律，受害者还应尽快向联邦调查局(FBI)等部门举报。

斯科拉里还表示，若这些本票为真，银行不可能停止支付，因每张本票是由银行担保、以银行自有资金开具并由出纳员签署；因此不存在购买者第二天持证件又返回要求银行撤销的现象，除非这些本票为假才会跳票。

亚总会会长陈善庄表示，该案受害者至少有十几名，有的个人损失高达11万元，共计金额已经超过了50万元；但至今部分受害者选择不报警，怕税务局查税；但骗徒正是利用了这一点，他呼吁更多受害者站出来，配合调查。

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藉耶稣基督之名圈钱德州诈骗客被判关到死

世界新闻网

11/04/2021

北德州一名基督教广播电台节目主持人，经营庞氏骗局(Ponzi scheme)大约十年后露馅，他于1日(周一)被法官判处第三个终身监禁。

现年80岁的威廉嘉勒格(William Gallagher)，其实从2019年3月被捕后一直都待在监牢中，他因为同样的诈欺行为已被达拉斯法院判处25年徒刑，德州法院也已判了他30年。2019年8月，泰伦特县(Tarrant County) 法院对他提诉，这次的审判庭是为福和市一带的受害者讨回公道。

嘉勒格在一家基督教广播电台担任主持人，他每次节目收尾时，总说「星期天教堂见」(See you in church on Sunday)，这成了听众百听不厌的口头禅，他还出版理财的书籍，譬如有一本名叫「耶稣基督，金钱大师」(Jesus Christ, Money Master)。他所成立的嘉勒格财务集团(Gallagher Financial Group)在电视台做广告，有许多年长者相信他是虔诚的基督徒，绝对不会骗他们的钱。

泰伦特县检察官办公室年长者财务诈欺小组(Elder Financial Fraud team)的组长萝莉瓦内尔(Lori Varnell)指出，这是她执法多年来所看到的最恶劣案例，嘉勒格在各教会的周日集会中与教友接触，这些已退休人士把钱交给他投资，少的有几万元，多的有60万元，最后却血本无归，有些人必须卖房，有的人跟子女讨钱过生活，有些人重回职场上班赚钱，他们损失的金钱总数达3200万元。

1920年代，查尔斯庞济(Charles Ponzi)在波士顿为他的投资公司做广告，宣称有丰厚的报酬率又没有风险，他把新投资人的钱拿来付老投资人的年度利息，经过几年名声越来越大，收到的资金越来越多，但庞氏骗局终究有爆发的一日，投资人失去资本，诈骗者入狱服刑，这种骗术如今就是以他为名。

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Zelle scammers bilk bank customers out of thousands — how to avoid them

By Paul Wagenseil

9/03/2021

Scams involving Zelle payment service still happening

(Image credit: Tada Images/Shutterstock)

Two Chicago-area women say scammers bilked them out of $3,500 each by conning them over the phone and then using the Zelle mobile-payment system to withdraw money from their Bank of America accounts.

“It’s really distressing,” one of the women, Nausheen Brooks, told TV station WLS. “You save your hard-earned money to just be taken away from you.”

The scammers texted Brooks and the other woman, Darlene Chelsey, pretending to be Bank of America and asking them to verify purchases. Both women denied making the purchases in question, and then were called by persons claiming to be bank representatives. The scammers used what appeared to be legitimate Bank of America phone numbers.

The women were each told that there had been Zelle withdrawals from their accounts, but that the problems could quickly be fixed if they used their own mobile banking apps to transfer the money back to themselves.

Six Spaces Home Staging

Brooks and Chelsey both did so, and the money disappeared. It seems that both their Zelle accounts had already been taken over by the scammers.

“They definitely had access to the account if the money was wired to herself,” Bogdan Bodezatu, a threat researcher with Bitdefender, told WLS. He added that the scammers may have gotten access to the accounts due to data breaches at other websites, which can compromise reused passwords.

How to avoid Zelle scams

Avoiding Zelle scams is like avoiding many other online scams. Create strong, unique passwords for any account that involves money, especially banking accounts, and use one of the best password managers to keep all of them straight.

Don’t trust anyone who calls or texts you and wants you to perform a financial transaction, even if that person appears to be from your bank. Instead, call the bank yourself using a number that you look up.

Don’t give out one-time-use verification codes to anyone, even if they claim to be from your bank. And again, never reuse passwords for sensitive accounts.

Years of Zelle scams

Sadly, this is not a new occurrence. Zelle-based scams have been happening for years — we first wrote about them in April 2018.

The earliest scams involved crooks getting people to pay for non-existent items through Zelle, then discovering they couldn’t get their money back because unlike with a credit-card, the money is withdrawn immediately from your bank account.

Later, people who’d never even signed up for Zelle were scammed out of thousands of dollars by crooks who set up accounts in their names and drained their bank accounts.

That’s because Zelle is owned by seven of the largest U.S. banks, including Bank of America, and used by hundreds more banks. Anyone who has an account with those banks is eligible for a Zelle account, and many banks build Zelle right into their own mobile apps.

These most recent scams seem to involve persons whose accounts have already been hijacked, perhaps through password reuse. (If you use a password on more than one account, then a compromise of any one of those accounts compromises them all.)

Why Zelle is vulnerable

The real problem is that Zelle uses email addresses and phone numbers to identify account holders, and neither was ever designed to be foolproof. Both email addresses and phone numbers can be easily “spoofed” by cheap software.

Many banks do text a one-time code to customers to verify certain transactions, yet not only can text messages be intercepted, but scammers can con customers into revealing texted codes.

Another issue is that Zelle has direct access to bank accounts. Venmo, which is not affiliated with the banks, makes users create a separate account that is linked to a credit card or into which the users deposit money. This creates a buffer between Venmo transactions and their bank accounts.

We’ve reached out to Zelle to ask if the company has made any security improvements in the past three years, and whether Zelle would consider setting up a “staging” account to act as a buffer, similar to the way Venmo operates. We’ll update this story when we receive a response.

In the meantime, one thing does appear to have changed: Both Brooks and Chelsey had their $3,500 losses covered by Bank of America. That’s a better outcome than some of the earliest Zelle scam stories, in which the victims were essentially told by the banks that they should have read the fine print.

That fine print, by the way, still says that the bank isn’t legally liable if you transfer money via Zelle to the wrong people.

Update: Zelle responds

In response to our inquiries, Zelle provided this statement.

“Phishing Scam: This is an example of a phishing scam where the scammer spoofed the Bank of America phone number and attempted to convince the individual to provide their personal information, not a breach of Bank of America or Zelle security.

We’d like to remind consumers that your bank will never call you to ask for sensitive information and they would not ask a customer to transfer funds between accounts in order to prevent fraud. Hang up and call your bank at the phone number listed on the back of your bank-issued debit card or on the bank’s official website if you must provide information over the phone.

In-App Notifications: When consumers send money using Zelle within their mobile or online banking experience, they are sending money directly from their bank account to another person’s bank account, typically within minutes when both users are already enrolled.

When sending money there is a final prompt requiring the sender to confirm the mobile number or email address being used and that it belongs to the intended recipient. This prompt provides the first name of the person who the mobile number or email is enrolled to and an alert that the payment cannot be cancelled once sent.

Consumer education: Zelle is working to address an acute need for financial education. Through our Pay It Safe initiatives, we have partnered with organizations to offer free financial education to consumers through modern banking courses and consumer protection resources.

Through a strategic partnership with EVERFI — the leading social impact education technology company — we have reached more than 60k students in 47 states. Results show that high school students achieved a 39% average knowledge gain after taking the Zelle Money Moves: Modern Banking & Identity Protection course.

In addition, we are working with Cybercrime Support Network to spread awareness and educate consumers and small businesses on avoiding financial fraud and scams.”

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