The US plans to take in 50,000 Afghans fleeing the Taliban and give up to $2,275 each in aid
By Yelena Dzhanova
9/05/2021
- The US is planning to take in more than 50,000 Afghans fleeing the Taliban, a DHS official said.
- So far, more than 23,000 Afghans have resettled in the US.
- Each evacuee could receive up to $2,275 for food, housing, or other necessities like school.
The United States is expecting to take in at least 50,000 Afghans fleeing the Taliban, according to Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas.
Each refugee could get up to $2,275 from the federal government to support resettlement needs, Bloomberg reported.
Ahead of President Joe Biden’s initial August 31 deadline to withdraw all US troops from Afghanistan, the Taliban swept the country, culminating in a complete takeover by mid-August. Just days before the Taliban began its takeover, Biden said in a press briefing that “the likelihood there’s going to be the Taliban overrunning everything and owning the whole country is highly unlikely.”
But as the Taliban encroached on the capital city of Kabul, the situation quickly evolved into a crisis. Photos and videos showed Afghans scrambling to leave the country and packing into cargo planes. Some footage showed Afghans clinging to and falling from a moving plane at the Kabul airport.
Since the takeover, the Biden administration has been trying desperately to evacuate Americans and fearful Afghans out of the country.
As of Wednesday, more than 23,000 Afghans have arrived to the US since evacuations from Kabul began, Axios reported. The Biden administration appointed former Delaware Gov. Jack Markell to oversee Afghan resettlement in the US.
The State Department has allocated funds to support Afghan resettlement in the United States. A department official told Bloomberg each evacuee could receive up to $2,275 to be spent on food, housing, or other necessities like enrolling children in school.
“Our commitment is an enduring one,” Mayorkas told reporters on Friday. “This is not just a matter of the next several weeks. We will not rest until we have accomplished the ultimate goal.”
Once Afghans arrive, they will have up to a year to apply for a permanent visa. Some companies have made efforts to support evacuation from Afghanistan. Airbnb, for example, set aside temporary housing for 20,000 displaced Afghans.
俄媒文章:美军火巨头在阿富汗战争中大发横财
参考消息
8/31/2021
原标题:俄媒文章:美军火巨头在阿富汗大发横财
参考消息网8月29日报道 俄罗斯战略文化基金会网站8月27日发表题为《谁在阿富汗战争中捞到好处》的文章,作者为弗拉基米尔·普罗赫瓦季洛夫,文章称,美国独立智库安全政策改革研究所(SPRI)发布阿富汗战争主要受益者名单,榜上有名者从美国向阿富汗战争熔炉投入的2万多亿美元中分得大头。他们是美国五大军火巨头洛克希德-马丁公司、雷神公司、通用动力公司、波音公司和诺思罗普-格鲁曼公司。这五大军火商总共拿到了其中的2.02万亿美元。全文摘编如下:
根据美国布朗大学沃森研究所的数据,2001年至2021年,美国为阿富汗战争共计投入2.313万亿美元。SPRI专家认为,这个来源于政府网站的数字偏低。2020年支出激增了数十亿美元,因疫情风险五角大楼加紧向五大军火企业支付合同款项。马萨诸塞州民主党参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦对五角大楼的举动表示质疑,她猜测,军火巨头会将这增加的数十亿美元用在“回购股票、支付提高的分红和管理层薪酬”上。
这种怀疑不无道理:2015年至2019年,五大军火企业总裁的收入超过5亿美元。
SPRI报告作者援引朱利安·阿桑奇早在2011年的话说,美国发动阿富汗战争的目的在于,“利用阿富汗,将美国和欧洲纳税人的钱洗一遍并使其回到跨国情报部门精英手中。美国的目的是打一场永无止尽的战争,而非取得胜利的战争”。
从瑞士《星期日新苏黎世报》的一篇文章来看,重建阿富汗从来不是美国的真正目的。该报写道:“美国纳税人口袋中的数万亿美元花在战争上,其中仅有一小部分用于重建国家。同时由于滥用资金,华盛顿也没能在阿富汗取得成功。”
根据美国国会阿富汗重建特别监察长的数据,仅1330亿美元(不到美国阿富汗战争总支出的7%)被美国宣布用于重建阿富汗。而这笔资金大部分用在“安全问题”上。近900亿美元用于训练阿富汗战士、打击贩毒和“维护和平”(反游击行动)。约370亿美元划拨给基建项目、社会计划和医疗卫生系统,这些资金当中同样有一部分用于“禁毒”,然而毒品交易丝毫没有减少。
阿富汗依旧是全球最大鸦片生产国。罂粟汁是海洛因的制作原料,罂粟汁买卖被认为是继军事领域之后阿富汗经济的第二大产业。
其他昂贵的项目也失败了。美国投资20亿美元修建道路,但由于缺少资金和技术,阿富汗自己无法维持这些道路的良好状态。美国花费6.6亿美元为阿富汗军队采购装甲车,但阿军在复杂军事装备的技术维护和维修方面培训不足。
阿富汗战争带来的巨额收入只是美国军火企业这20年来获利的一小部分。据布朗大学评估,“9·11”恐袭后的所有军事行动(包括伊拉克战争和在他国的反恐任务)令美国纳税人花费6.4万亿美元,而这些钱被以洛克希德-马丁公司为首的五大军火怪物用来充盈预算。
然而,尽管美国军工业空前财大气粗,美军并没有从中受益。开发和制造据称先进的武器和军备型号耗资巨大,但事实证明,这些武器装备不适合参与高强度作战行动。
肆无忌惮挥霍美国纳税人钱的不只是阿富汗战争的五大受益者,还有规模小一些的军火企业。鱼从头开始腐烂,作为美国军国主义帝国之首的军工业愈发像一条腐烂的死鱼。
撤离机票要价6500美元 僱佣兵公司黑水公司大发战争财
大公报
8/26/2021
综合BBC、《华尔街日报》报道:美军将按原计划在8月31日前全部从阿富汗撤出,目前仍然有超过一万人滞留喀布尔机场。一些私人安保公司趁机大发“难民财”,僱佣兵公司黑水公司创办人普林斯声称,他正在为滞留的人们提供搭乘包机离开喀布尔的机会,而机票价格则是每人6500美元(5.1万港元)。
普林斯表示,可以将人安全地送进机场并登上离开阿富汗的航班,每位乘客收取6500美元。但这一价格不包括把撤离对象从自家护送至喀布尔机场的费用,如需额外的护送服务,还要加钱。
Leader Funding, Inc.
喀布尔机场的混乱局势持续,五角大楼25日表示,在最后几天的撤离时间内,将优先考虑撤出美军和军事物资。过去20年间协助过美国及北约军队的阿富汗人本以为美国会保护他们,现在他们意识到自己很可能会被遗弃,并将独自面对塔利班的“怒火”。
美国公司“萨亚拉国际”原本计划将1000名阿富汗难民送往乌干达,并为此包了三架专机。然而,喀布尔机场门口的美国海军陆战队却拒绝让已经保证有飞机座位的阿富汗人进入,一名乌干达妇女甚至只能通过爬污水管才进入机场。“萨亚拉国际”包下的一班345座飞机24日晚仅载着50名乘客从喀布尔起飞。
反对阿富汗难民疏散至俄邻国 普京:不希望“武装分子伪装成难民”出现
文 / 廖慧婷
8/22/2021
俄罗斯总统普京星期天(8月22日)表示,反对将阿富汗难民疏散至俄国邻近国家,称不希望“武装分子伪装成难民”在俄国出现。
路透社报道,普京批评一些西方国家在处理阿富汗难民签证时,希望将他们暂时迁移到中亚国家的想法。
塔斯社(TASS)引述普京告诉执政党统一俄罗斯党领袖的话说:“这是否意味着难民能在没有签证的情况下被送到这些国家,到我们的邻国,而他们(西方国家)就不愿在没有签证的情况下接收他们?”
路透社上周报道,美国与一些国家进行秘密会谈,盼能达成协议为那些曾为美国政府工作的阿富汗人找到临时安置处。
不过,普京对此表示反对,说“我们不要武装分子伪装成难民出现在这里。”
塔利班领袖:重组阿富汗前所有外国军队必须撤离
文 / 陈慧璋
8/16/2021
(早报讯)阿富汗塔利班武装组织一名领袖周一(16日)表示,现在就讨论该组织将如何接管和治理阿富汗还为时过早。
拒绝透露姓名的这名塔利班领袖通过电话接受路透社的采访时说:“在我们开始重组这个国家之前,我们要所有外国军队都撤离这里。”
他也补充说,塔利班高层已警告塔利班战士,提醒他们不得恐吓平民,并让平民恢复他们的正常活动。
塔利班发言人:阿富汗战争已经结束
文 / 陈慧璋
8/15/2021
(早报讯)阿富汗塔利班政治办公室发言人说,“阿富汗战争已经结束”,该国的统治形式和政体模式将很快明朗化。
路透社报道,塔利班发言人纳伊姆(Mohammad Naeem)星期天(15日)接受半岛电视台埃及版公共事务频道(Al-Jazeera Mubasher TV)访问时强调,没有任何外交机构或外国总部是其攻击目标。他向所有人保证,塔利班将会保障外国公民和外交使团的安全。
纳伊姆说:“我们已做好准备与阿富汗各方进行对话,并会为他们提供必要的保护。
他说,塔利班将会负责任地行事,并殷切希望与所有人和平共处。
不过,纳伊姆也表明,塔利班付出了20年的努力和牺牲才取得今天的胜利,让阿富汗和阿富汗人民重获自由和独立。
纳伊姆说:“我们决不允许任何人利用我们的土地来攻击任何人,我们也不想伤害他人。”
他说,塔利班不会干涉他人事务,同样的,塔利班也不允许外人干涉阿富汗事务。
塔利班宣布控制总统府赢得胜利
文 / 陈慧璋
8/15/2021
(早报讯)阿富汗总统加尼匆促离开阿富汗后,塔利班一名最高司令星期天(15日)告诉路透社,该武装组织已控制了总统府。
大批塔利班武装分子在总统府内四处走动,并向电视台的摄像机展示他们的武器和举起胜利的手势。
一名战士向在皇宫内进行拍摄的半岛电视台(Al Jazeera)记者说:“我们的国家解放了,圣战者(Mujahideen)在阿富汗取得了胜利。”
塔利班政治局局长巴拉达尔(Baradar)同日发表简短视频声明说,塔利班在一周之内就迅速攻占全国所有主要城市,世界上无人能及。
不过,巴拉达尔也表示,真正的考验现在才开始,他们必须满足阿富汗人民的期望,解决他们的问题,为他们服务。
美前高官傅立民:美正与中国打着注定会输的比赛
5/10/2021
美国前资深外交官、前助理国防部长傅立民(Chas W Freeman Jr)批评美国政府的对华政策“自欺欺人”(self-defeating),指华盛顿正在打一场注定会输的对华比赛。
傅立民周日发表在澳洲亚太事务研究网站东亚论坛( East Asia Forum)上发发表题为《华盛顿正在打一场注定会输的对华比赛(Washington is playing a losing game with China)的文章,指美国应在全球性问题上加强与中国的合作,如果继续选择与中国对抗,只会在国际社会上失道寡助。
他认为目前的美中关系,凸显了弗里曼的战略动力学第三定律(Freeman’s third law of strategic dynamics),即每一次敌对行为都会引来更加敌对的反应。
文章指华盛顿发起贸易战,只是因为对中国超越美国的潜力感到担忧,并试图通过不断升级的“极限施压”来削弱、遏制中国。
他说,在国际象棋中,美国就是一个很容易被识别的选手:除了激进的开局外,没有其他的战略。
傅立民在文中以数据证明,美国老百姓深受政府发起贸易战的伤害。他指出,美国农民失去了价值240亿美元(318亿新元)的大部分中国市场;美国公司利润降低,转而削减员工工资和工作岗位、推迟加薪,并提高美国消费品的价格;据估计,美国损失了24.5万个就业岗位,同时减少了约3200亿美元的国内生产总值(GDP),美国家庭平均每年要多花1277美元购买消费品;预计到2025年,美国将失去32万个工作岗位,GDP将比预期的低1.6万亿美元。
文章指出,在另一边,中国正稳步前进。2020年,中国总体贸易顺差达到5350亿美元,再创新高;与此同时,中国正通过降低贸易壁垒、与美国以外的国家达成自由贸易协议、发起贸易争端解决机制等方法,提高了自己的地位。
此外,傅立民还称,中国给美国带来的挑战主要是经济和技术上的,并不是军事上的。但现实是,“美国的飞机和战舰总在中国边界周围活动,中国的飞机和战舰并没有在美国的海岸外巡逻;中国周围到处是美军基地,而美国附近却没有中国的基地”。
傅立民强调:“如果美国继续选择对抗,只会发现自己越来越孤立。如果美国对华政策被定义为一种道德努力,大多数其他国家将选择远离,而不是被吸引”。他指出,各国想要的是获得多边支持来应对挑战,而不是美国的单边对抗;希望在主权最大化的条件下容纳中国,而不是让中国成为敌人。
傅立民认为,除对抗无益外,中美两国合作还有许多必然性。首先,在美国国内,没有中国的参与,市场投资、供应链等很多问题都无法解决;其次,在国际上,两国应合作改革全球治理,解决共同关心的全球性问题,如环境恶化、流行病、核武器扩散、全球经济和金融不稳定、全球贫困等等,并为新技术制定标准。
在文章最后,傅立民强调,“为了在与中国(竞争中)保持优势,美国必须提升竞争力,建设一个治理更好、教育更好、更平等、更开放、更创新、更健康和更自由的社会”。他断言,显然对抗不是通往这一美好愿景的方式,合作才是。
傅立民目前是美国布朗大学沃森国际与公共事务研究所访问学者,曾作为美国前总统尼克逊的首席中文翻译陪同访华,之后他先后在国务院主管中国事务、担任美国驻华公使和负责国际安全事务的助理国防部长。
陆克文斥莫里森草率介入台海议题幼稚
5/10/2021
在中澳关系持续恶化的背景下,澳大利亚前总理陆克文撰文批评,莫里森政府最近声称若台海爆发战争,澳洲将支援美国等盟友的有关言论,“在政治上是幼稚的”(politically juvenile),可能损害澳洲核心国家安全利益。
莫里森上周接受澳洲3AW电台的访问时说,澳洲政府对台政策将坚定不变,若中国大陆武力进攻台湾,澳洲将会履行支援美国及盟友的承诺。
对此,陆克文前天(8日)在《悉尼先驱晨报》发表署名文章称,莫里森政府最近对澳洲军事介入未来美中对台湾战争的可能性所发表的草率评论,在政治上是幼稚的,可能损害澳洲核心国家安全利益。
文章说,50年来,澳洲历届政府都没有在台海冲突的课题上,公开猜测澳洲会怎么做,但在过去两周,总理莫里森、国防部长达顿,以及内政部秘书长佩祖洛,都严重违反了这一澳洲两党共识。
陆克文在文章中指出,澳洲政府此前有充分理由对潜在的台湾军事方案保持沉默(tight-lipped),因为该冲突将涉及中美两个世界上最大的军事力量,并有可能成为自1945年以来亚洲最暴力和最具破坏性的战争。因此,澳洲现阶段不应该损害国家决策的独立性和灵活性。
文章也说,澳洲官员一直周旋在华盛顿、北京和台北之间,竭尽全力防止此类战争发生。面对美国,澳洲官员要同美国一道,确保美国在亚太地区的军事威慑力,以此对中国大陆产生遏制效果;面对中国大陆,澳洲官员则进行游说,试图让北京相信美国会武装介入台海冲突;而面对台湾,澳洲官员要试图阻止台湾单方面宣布“台独”(或采取走向“台独”的步骤),因为这将越过北京最基本的红线。
文章接着称,莫里森政府在台湾问题上像不成熟地捶胸示强(adolescent chest-thumping),不仅让美国人感到困惑,让大陆民众感到愤怒,让台湾百姓不解,也让亚太地区其他国家感到迷惑。
陆克文随后在文章中质问,为什么莫里森、达顿等要在台湾问题上,公开发出“红色警报”信号?难以想象(inconceivable)澳洲的国家安全机构会建议他们这样做,因为这不符合国家利益。“事实上,这在战略上将适得其反。”
陆克文在文中指出,目前澳洲疫苗和检疫程序一团糟、债务和赤字居高不下、执政党自由党内歧视女性问题严重,莫里森政府此时发表草率涉台言论唯一可能的动机是想转移国内视线,以获得多数支持赢得选举。对自由党来说,把工党打成“亲共”是最好的伪装。
文章称,坎培拉还有一个最广为人知的秘密:达顿和莫里森之间存在未公开的领导权之争。达顿认为,在自由党内部,中国议题是击败莫里森的最佳工具。这是可耻的,纯粹为了政治私利,用澳洲核心国家经济和安全利益做赌注。
陆克文最后在文中说,中国日益增长的实力以及特朗普政府的失败,让莫里森政府难以处理澳中关系。面对复杂的挑战,澳洲领导者需要有明智、冷静和慎重的判断,国家安全不是政治游戏。然而,莫里森和达顿过去两周的表现无疑表明,面对复杂的国家安全性势,这届澳洲政府缺乏应对挑战的勇气。
China beating US by being more like America
Cultivating human capital will be essential if the US rather than China is to be the base of the next industrial revolution
By BRANDON J WEICHERT
4/25/2021
The United States transitioned from an agrarian backwater into an industrialized superstate in a rapid timeframe. One of the most decisive men in America’s industrialization was Samuel Slater.
As a young man, Slater worked in Britain’s advanced textile mills. He chafed under Britain’s rigid class system, believing he was being held back. So he moved to Rhode Island.
Once in America, Slater built the country’s first factory based entirely on that which he had learned from working in England’s textile mills – violating a British law that forbade its citizens from proliferating advanced British textile production to other countries.
Samuel Slater is still revered in the United States as the “Father of the American Factory System.” In Britain, if he is remembered at all, he is known by the epithet of “Slater the Traitor.”
After all, Samuel Slater engaged in what might today be referred to as “industrial espionage.” Without Slater, the United States would likely not have risen to become the industrial challenger to British imperial might that it did in the 19th century. Even if America had evolved to challenge British power without Slater’s help, it is likely the process would have taken longer than it actually did.
Many British leaders at the time likely dismissed Slater’s actions as little more than a nuisance. The Americans had not achieved anything unique. They were merely imitating their far more innovative cousins in Britain.
As the works of Oded Shenkar have proved, however, if given enough time, annoying imitators can become dynamic innovators. The British learned this lesson the hard way. America today appears intent on learning a similar hard truth … this time from China.
By the mid-20th century, the latent industrial power of the United States had been unleashed as the European empires, and eventually the British-led world order, collapsed under their own weight. America had built out its own industrial base and was waiting in the geopolitical wings to replace British power – which, of course, it did.
Few today think of Britain as anything more than a middle power in the US-dominated world order. This came about only because of the careful industrial and manipulative trade practices of American statesmen throughout the 19th and first half of the 20th century employed against British power.
The People’s Republic of China, like the United States of yesteryear with the British Empire, enjoys a strong trading relationship with the dominant power of the day. China has also free-ridden on the security guarantees of the dominant power, the United States.
The Americans are exhausting themselves while China grows stronger. Like the US in the previous century, inevitably, China will displace the dominant power through simple attrition in the non-military realm.
Many Americans reading this might be shocked to learn that China is not just the land of sweatshops and cheap knockoffs – any more than the United States of previous centuries was only the home of chattel slavery and King Cotton. China, like America, is a dynamic nation of economic activity and technological progress.
While the Chinese do imitate their innovative American competitors, China does this not because the country is incapable of innovating on its own. It’s just easier to imitate effective ideas produced by America, lowering China’s research and development costs. Plus, China’s industrial capacity allows the country to produce more goods than America – just as America had done to Britain
Once China quickly acquires advanced technology, capabilities, and capital from the West, Chinese firms then spin off those imitations and begin innovating. This is why China is challenging the West in quantum computing technology, biotech, space technologies, nanotechnology, 5G, artificial intelligence, and an assortment of other advanced technologies that constitute the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Why reinvent the wheel when you can focus on making cheaper cars and better roads?
Since China opened itself up to the United States in the 1970s, American versions of Samuel Slater have flocked to China, taking with them the innovations, industries, and job offerings that would have gone to Americans had Washington never embraced Beijing.
America must simply make itself more attractive than China is to talent and capital. It must create a regulatory and tax system that is more competitive than China’s. Then Washington must seriously invest in federal R&D programs as well as dynamic infrastructure to support those programs.
As one chief executive of a Fortune 500 company told me in 2018, “If we don’t do business in China, our competitors will.”
Meanwhile, Americans must look at effective education as a national-security imperative. If we are living in a global, knowledge-based economy, then it stands to reason Americans will need greater knowledge to thrive. Therefore, cultivating human capital will be essential if America rather than China is to be the base of the next industrial revolution.
Besides, smart bombs are useless without smart people.
These are all things that the United States understood in centuries past. America bested the British Empire and replaced it as the world hegemon using these strategies. When the Soviet Union challenged America’s dominance, the US replicated the successful strategies it had used against Britain’s empire.
Self-reliance and individual innovativeness coupled with public- and private-sector cooperation catapulted the Americans ahead of their rivals. It’s why Samuel Slater fled to the nascent United States rather than staying in England.
America is losing the great competition for the 21st century because it has suffered historical amnesia. Its leaders, Democrats and Republicans alike, as well as its corporate tycoons and its people must recover the lost memory – before China cements its position as the world’s hegemon.
The greatest tragedy of all is that America has all of the tools it needs to succeed. All it needs to do is be more like it used to be in the past. To do that, competent and inspiring leadership is required. And that may prove to be the most destructive thing for America in the competition to win the 21st century.
Source: https://asiatimes.com/2021/04/china-beating-us-by-being-more-like-america/