俄罗斯早期珍贵彩色老照片:帝国风貌令后人惊讶
文章来源: 天下老照片
12/06/2021
普罗库金-戈斯基(Sergey Mikhaylovich Prokudin-Gorsky,1863~1944)是一位俄国化学家和出名的摄影师,他在1900年代初期率先拍摄了许多的彩色照片。
大约在1905年前后,Prokudin-Gorsky想利用其新技术,拍摄一系列有关帝俄时代的历史、文化、科技的资料照片,作为教育莘莘学子之用,得到沙皇尼古拉二世(Tsar Nicholas II,1868-1918)的许可,除了拥有一个铁道上的行动暗房外,还有官僚体系的配合资助和进入禁区的特权,留下不少帝俄时代1909至1915年的影像记录。
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俄罗斯将于2022年5月发射首个自动登月站
文 / 潘万莉
8/28/2021
(早报讯)俄新社28日援引俄航天工业消息人士的话称,俄罗斯拟于2022年5月向月球发射俄首个自动登月站“月球-25”。
“月球-25”计划由“联盟-2.1b”运载火箭从东方航天发射场发射。发射大约10天后,该探测器应该在月球南极附近软着陆,主着陆点位于博古斯拉夫斯基火山口以北,备用着陆点位于曼齐宁环形山的西南处。“月球-25”的主要任务包括演练在月球近极地区域软着陆的基本技术,并对月球表面土壤性质和组成以及月球极地外层进行研究。
“月球-25”将成为现代俄罗斯历史上第一个发射到月球的自动探测器,此前的“月球-24”号探测器由苏联于1976年发射。
由于对“月球-25”机载设备进行额外检查等技术准备需求,原定于2021年10月的发射工作被推迟。
How to Get to Mars. Very Cool!
How To get to Mars” is a clip from the IMAX documentary “Roving Mars” from 2006. This is an edited short version.
From Wiki : Spirit, MER-A (Mars Exploration Rover — A), is a robotic rover on Mars, active from 2004 to 2010. It was one of two rovers of NASA’s ongoing Mars Exploration Rover Mission. It landed successfully on Mars at 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin, Opportunity (MER-B), landed on the other side of the planet. Its name was chosen through a NASA-sponsored student essay competition. The rover became stuck in late 2009, and its last communication with Earth was sent on March 22, 2010.
The rover completed its planned 90-sol mission. Aided by cleaning events that resulted in higher power from its solar panels, Spirit went on to function effectively over twenty times longer than NASA planners expected following mission completion. Spirit also logged 7.73 km (4.8 mi) of driving instead of the planned 600 m (0.4 mi), allowing more extensive geological analysis of Martian rocks and planetary surface features. Initial scientific results from the first phase of the mission (the 90-sol prime mission) were published in a special issue of the journal Science.
On May 1, 2009 (5 years, 3 months, 27 Earth days after landing; 21.6 times the planned mission duration), Spirit became stuck in soft soil. This was not the first of the mission’s “embedding events” and for the following eight months NASA carefully analyzed the situation, running Earth-based theoretical and practical simulations, and finally programming the rover to make extrication drives in an attempt to free itself. These efforts continued until January 26, 2010 when NASA officials announced that the rover was likely irrecoverably obstructed by its location in soft soil, though it continued to perform scientific research from its current location.
The rover continued in a stationary science platform role until communication with Spirit stopped on sol 2210 (March 22, 2010). JPL continued to attempt to regain contact until May 24, 2011, when NASA announced that efforts to communicate with the unresponsive rover had ended. A formal farewell was planned at NASA headquarters after the Memorial Day holiday and was televised on NASA TV.
天问一号发布火星高清照
3/03/2021
中国国家航天局3月4日发布三幅由首次火星探测任务“天问一号”探测器拍摄的高清火星影像图。
据新华视点报道,三幅火星影像图中,包括两幅全色图像和一幅彩色图像。全色图像由高分辨率相机在距离火星表面约330千米至350千米高度拍摄,分辨率约0.7米,成像区域内火星表面小型环形坑、山脊、沙丘等地貌清晰可见。据测算,图中最大撞击坑的直径约620米。彩色图像由中分辨率相机拍摄,画面为火星北极区域。